Consider the following social movements : 1. Chipko Movement 2. Bardoli Satyagraha 3. Satyashodhak Samaj Which one of the following is the correct chronological order (starting with the earliest) of the launch of the above social movements ?
- A.2, 1, 3
- B.3, 1, 2
- C.3, 2, 1
- D.1, 2, 3
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is C, 3, 2, 1. The Satyashodhak Samaj came first in 1873, the Bardoli Satyagraha followed in 1928 and the Chipko Movement began in 1973. Jyotirao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in Pune in 1873 to fight caste discrimination and to win education and dignity for the lower castes and women. The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 in Gujarat was a peasant campaign against a steep rise in land revenue; it was led by Vallabhbhai Patel, who earned the title Sardar there. The Chipko Movement started in 1973 in the Chamoli area of present Uttarakhand, when villagers hugged trees to stop commercial felling, and it is linked with Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt. Option A is wrong because it puts Bardoli before the much older Samaj. Option B is wrong because it places Chipko, a post-independence movement, before Bardoli. Option D is wrong because it reverses the real order completely. Exam tip: Phule's Samaj 1873, Patel's Bardoli 1928, Chipko 1973, each about 45 to 55 years apart.
Practice Questions
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- D.1, 2, 3 and 4
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