In the Manusmriti which form of marriage results from the "Voluntary union of a maiden and her lover"?
- A.Eighth form
- B.Fifth form
- C.Seventh form
- D.Sixth form
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is D, Sixth form. The voluntary union of a maiden and her lover is the Gandharva marriage, which is the sixth of the eight forms listed in the Manusmriti.
The Manusmriti names eight forms of marriage in this order: Brahma, Daiva, Arsha, Prajapatya, Asura, Gandharva, Rakshasa and Paishacha. The first four, in which the father gives his daughter as a gift, were treated as approved forms. Asura involved paying a price for the bride, Gandharva was marriage by mutual love and consent, as in the story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, Rakshasa was marriage by capture, and Paishacha, the lowest, was union with a woman who was asleep, drunk or unaware.
A is wrong because the eighth form is Paishacha. B is wrong because the fifth form is Asura, marriage by bride-price. C is wrong because the seventh form is Rakshasa, marriage by abduction.
Exam tip: Brahma, Daiva, Arsha, Prajapatya, Asura, Gandharva (6th, love), Rakshasa (7th, capture), Paishacha (8th).
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