Indian Polity Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 32

In a polyarchy practically every adult may stand for office, so a restricted right to contest is the opposite of its central features.

The Second Backward Classes Commission was appointed in 1979 under Article 340 of the Constitution, which empowers the President to appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.

cVIGIL is the Election Commission of India's app for citizens to report poll-code violations. The name stands for vigilant citizen.

Quo Warranto lies only when the appointment breaks the law; an appointment in tune with a statutory provision gives the court nothing to correct.

This is a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 51, a duty of the State, not a fundamental duty of citizens.

Article 15(2) says no citizen can be denied access to, or the use of, wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Liberal democracy rests on constitutional, rule-bound government and on guaranteed civil liberties; it limits political power rather than making it unlimited.

Directive Principles do not have precedence over Fundamental Rights; in a conflict, the Fundamental Rights generally prevail. Directive Principles are in Part IV, Articles 36 to 51.

Weber's ideal type describes bureaucracy through its structure and the conduct of its officials, not through class domination. Max Weber, the German sociologist, described the ideal type of bureaucracy as the most rational form of administration under legal-rational authority.

Article 43A speaks of workers' participation in the management of industries, not of local self-government.

Since the 44th Amendment, the President cannot suspend the right to move a court for enforcing Articles 20 and 21, even during a national emergency.

Article 348(1)(a) says that, until Parliament by law provides otherwise, all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court shall be in the English language.

Certiorari, meaning 'to be certified' or 'to be informed', is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal to transfer a case or to quash an order it has already passed.

Article 371A gives Nagaland special protection for Naga religious and social practices, customary law and the ownership of land and its resources.

The Election Commission first used VVPAT machines with EVMs in the by-election to Noksen in Tuensang district, Nagaland, in September 2013.

The elephant is the reserved symbol of the Bahujan Samaj Party, founded by Kanshi Ram in 1984; because the elephant is also used by another party in Assam and Sikkim, the Election Commission allots it to the Bahujan Samaj Party elsewhere, a detail that shows how reserved symbols work under…

India has a single integrated judiciary arranged in three levels: the Supreme Court at the apex, the High Courts at the level of the States, and the subordinate or district courts below them.

Regulations made by the Governor under paragraph 5(2) of the Fifth Schedule can prohibit or restrict the transfer of land by or among members of Scheduled Tribes, and a transfer made in breach of such a regulation is void.

All three subjects sit in the list named against them in the Seventh Schedule. The Seventh Schedule, read with Article 246, divides law-making powers into three lists.

A short notice question is an urgent oral question taken up only with the Minister's consent, and it is answered after Question Hour, not during it.