Madhya Pradesh 2019 Previous Year GK Questions with Answers

The correct answer is B, Minto-Morley Reforms, 1909. The Indian Councils Act of 1909, known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced separate electorates for Muslims and so gave communal representation legal shape for the first time in British India. Muslim voters elected their own members from separate constituencies, which is why Lord Minto is often called the father of communal electorates. The Act also enlarged the legislative councils and allowed Indians into the executive councils, Satyendra Prasad Sinha becoming the first Indian member of the Viceroy's Executive Council. A is wrong because the Act of 1892 only enlarged the councils and allowed a limited, indirect form of election. C is wrong because the Reforms of 1919 extended separate electorates to Sikhs, Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans but did not begin them. D is wrong because the Act of 1935 widened them further, to depressed classes, women and labour. Exam tip: pair 1909 with separate electorates and Minto, and 1919 with dyarchy in the provinces.

The correct answer is B, the Information Technology Act, 2000. It is India’s first cyberlaw, and it is the statute that gave legal recognition to electronic records and to digital and electronic signatures, so that a contract concluded online is as enforceable as one written on paper and a department may accept a filing or issue a licence electronically. That recognition is exactly what electronic commerce needs, which is why the Act is described as providing its legal infrastructure; it also created the Controller of Certifying Authorities and was amended in 2008 to cover data protection, cyber terrorism and interception. Options A, C and D are wrong because no Information Technology Act was passed in 1996, 1998 or 1990; they are near years offered to test whether the candidate remembers the exact one. Note that 2000 is also the year in which the United Nations model law on electronic commerce was being adopted widely.

The correct answer is B, Geitonogamy. Geitonogamy is pollination between two different flowers borne on the same plant. It is an odd halfway case: because the pollen has to travel from one flower to another it needs an agent such as an insect or the wind, so in working it looks like cross-pollination, yet the pollen comes from the same plant, so genetically it is self-pollination and brings no new variation. A is wrong because autogamy is pollination within the same flower, where pollen falls on the stigma of that very flower, as in pea and wheat. C is wrong because xenogamy is the transfer of pollen to the stigma of a flower on a different plant, and it is the only one of the three that brings genetically different pollen and so gives rise to variation. D is wrong because option B already names the process correctly. Exam tip: autogamy – same flower; geitonogamy – same plant, another flower; xenogamy – another plant.

The correct answer is A, 1856. The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act was passed in July 1856 and made the remarriage of a Hindu widow lawful, so that the children of such a marriage were treated as legitimate. It came after a long campaign by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the Sanskrit scholar of Bengal, who argued from the shastras themselves that remarriage was allowed, and who gathered thousands of signatures in its support. The reformer also had to accept a condition in the Act by which a widow who remarried gave up the property she held from her first husband. B is wrong because 1858 is the year of Queen Victoria's Proclamation, which passed the rule of India to the Crown. C is wrong because 1859 is remembered for the Bengal Rent Act and the Indigo revolt, not for this law. D is wrong because 1862 is the year the High Courts were set up at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. Exam tip: 1829 sati banned, 1856 widow remarriage allowed, 1891 Age of Consent Act.

The correct answer is C, Carbohydrates. The buccal cavity is the mouth, and the saliva poured into it begins the digestion of starch, a carbohydrate. Three pairs of salivary glands supply saliva, which carries the enzyme salivary amylase, also called ptyalin. It works best in a slightly alkaline medium and breaks the long starch chains into the sugar maltose, which is why a piece of bread kept in the mouth slowly tastes sweet. The teeth and tongue help by grinding the food and rolling it into a bolus. A is wrong because protein digestion begins in the stomach, where pepsin works in the acid of hydrochloric acid. B is wrong because the digestion of fat takes place chiefly in the small intestine, where bile from the liver breaks fat into small droplets and pancreatic lipase acts on them. D is wrong because starch digestion clearly does begin in the mouth. Exam tip: mouth – starch by amylase; stomach – protein by pepsin; small intestine – fat by bile and lipase.

The correct answer is C, Avanti. Chanda Pradyota ruled Avanti, the mahajanapada of western and central India whose capital was Ujjayini, the modern Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh. He founded the Pradyota dynasty and was a contemporary of the Buddha, of Bimbisara of Magadha and of Udayana of Vatsa, and his fiery temper earned him the name Chanda, the cruel. Avanti was one of the four strong powers, with Magadha, Kosala and Vatsa, that swallowed the smaller states in the sixth century BCE, and it was finally absorbed by Magadha under the Shishunaga dynasty. Option A is wrong because Kashi, with its capital at Varanasi, was ruled by kings such as Brahmadatta. Option B is wrong because Anga had its capital at Champa and was annexed by Bimbisara. Option D is wrong because Vajji was a confederacy of clans led by the Lichchhavis with its centre at Vaishali, not a monarchy. Exam tip: Avanti, Ujjayini, Chanda Pradyota.

The correct answer is D, All of the above. A high-level language is written in words close to English and has to be turned into machine code by a compiler or an interpreter, so the programmer need not know the processor at all. All three named languages are of this kind. COBOL, from 1959, was built for business data processing and Grace Hopper was central to its design. PASCAL, designed by Niklaus Wirth around 1970 and named after Blaise Pascal, was made for teaching structured programming. BASIC, written by Kemeny and Kurtz in 1964, was the beginners language of early home computers. Options A, B and C are each individually correct but incomplete, and the question asks for the choice that covers every high-level language listed, so the fuller option D is the right one. Exam tip: machine and assembly language are low level, C, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, FORTRAN and Java are high level.

The correct answer is B, September 2014. Make in India was launched on 25 September 2014 at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi, on the birth anniversary of Deendayal Upadhyaya. Its aim is to turn India into a global manufacturing hub by making it easier to do business, drawing in investment, building skills and protecting intellectual property, and it began with twenty-five sectors from automobiles and textiles to electronics and defence production. Its logo is a striding lion made of gears, standing for strength and manufacture. Option A is wrong because November 2012 is before this government took office and no such programme existed then. Option C is wrong because January 2014 is also earlier than the launch; it is often confused with Startup India, which came on 16 January 2016. Option D is wrong because September 2016 is two years after the launch. Exam tip: Make in India 25 September 2014, Digital India 1 July 2015, Startup India 16 January 2016.

The correct answer is D, Article 149. Article 149 says the Comptroller and Auditor General shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as Parliament may by law prescribe. Under that law the CAG audits the accounts of the Union and of every state, and of bodies substantially financed from public funds, and his reports go to the President or the Governor, who lays them before the legislature. Dr B. R. Ambedkar called the CAG the most important officer under the Constitution, because no rupee of public money can be spent without this audit. Option A is wrong because Article 146 deals with the officers, servants and expenses of the Supreme Court. Option B is wrong because Article 147 is the interpretation clause for constitutional questions. Option C is wrong because Article 148 covers the appointment, oath, tenure and service conditions of the CAG, not his duties. Exam tip: Article 148 appointment, 149 duties, 150 form of accounts, 151 audit reports.