Madhya Pradesh 2022 Previous Year GK Questions with Answers

The correct answer is C, C2B. In the consumer-to-business model the consumer names the price or the terms and the business then accepts or declines the offer, so the usual direction of an offer is reversed. Reverse-auction travel sites, where a traveller bids a price for a hotel room, and freelancers who quote their own rate to companies are everyday examples. The model spread with the internet, which let one individual reach many firms at once. A is wrong because B2B commerce is trade between two businesses, such as a parts maker supplying a car factory. B is wrong because B2C commerce is a business selling directly to the end consumer, as a shopping website does. D is wrong because C2C commerce links one consumer with another through a platform, as online classified and resale sites do. Exam tip: read the pair in order - the first letter is who makes the offer, the second is who responds, so in C2B the consumer sets the price.

The correct answer is B, Calcutta (Kolkata). India's first cotton mill was set up in 1818 at Fort Gloster near Calcutta, at Bauria in present-day Howrah district, so Kolkata holds the first place in the story of the Indian cotton industry. That early mill did not survive, and the first commercially successful cotton textile mill was started at Bombay in 1854 by Cowasjee Nanabhai Davar, which is why Mumbai came to be called the Manchester of India. Ahmedabad followed in 1861, when Ranchhodlal Chhotalal set up its first mill, and the city grew into so large a centre that it earned the name Manchester of the East. A is wrong because Surat was famous for handloom textile trade in Mughal times, not for the first mill. C is wrong because Ahmedabad's mill of 1861 came much later. D is wrong because Coimbatore, called the Manchester of South India, built its mills only in the twentieth century. Exam tip: first mill 1818 near Kolkata, first successful mill 1854 at Bombay.

The correct answer is D, Pigou. A.C. Pigou belongs to the welfare group of definitions, not the wealth group. In his book The Economics of Welfare he treated economics as the study of that part of social welfare which can be brought into relation with money, carrying forward the line taken by Alfred Marshall, who called economics a study of people in the ordinary business of life. The wealth definitions came earlier. A is wrong because Adam Smith, in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, called economics the science of wealth and is the father of the wealth definition. B is wrong because J.B. Say described economics as the science which deals with wealth. C is wrong because Francis Walker held that economics is that body of knowledge which relates to wealth. Later Lionel Robbins gave the scarcity definition, treating economics as the study of human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means. Exam tip: wealth – Smith, Say, Walker; welfare – Marshall, Pigou; scarcity – Robbins.

The correct answer is C, Prakrit. The Gathasaptasati, also written as Gatha Saptasati, is an anthology of seven hundred short verses compiled by the Satavahana king Hala. It is written in Maharashtri Prakrit, the spoken language the Satavahanas favoured for their inscriptions and literature, and its verses describe village love and daily life in the Deccan rather than royal deeds. The work matters in an examination because it shows that the Satavahanas, unlike the later Guptas, promoted Prakrit as the language of the court.

Option A, Sanskrit, became the normal language of royal inscriptions later, with the Junagadh record of Rudradaman I as the first long example. Option B, Pali, is the language of the Buddhist Tripitaka and of the Milindapanho, not of Hala's anthology. Option D, Hindi, developed more than a thousand years after Hala and cannot belong to a first or second century text.

The correct answer is B, Painting. Amritlal Vegad, born in Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh in 1928, was a painter and collage artist who trained at Kala Bhavan in Santiniketan under Nandalal Bose, and later taught art in Jabalpur. He is remembered for collages made from torn pieces of coloured paper, and for the sketches and paintings with which he filled his Hindi travel writing on the Narmada, a river he walked along for thousands of kilometres. That is why Madhya Pradesh papers place him with the visual arts rather than the performing arts. Option A is wrong because he worked on flat surfaces in paper and colour, not in stone or metal. Option C is wrong because he was never a singer. Option D is wrong because he had no place in music; that misreading comes from grouping every artist under the performing arts. Exam tip: Vegad, Jabalpur, painting and collage, Narmada travelogues in Hindi.

The correct answer is D, Original Jurisdiction. Under Article 131, only the Supreme Court can hear disputes between the Centre and one or more states, between the Centre and some states on one side and other states on the other, and between two or more states. Such a case starts directly in the Supreme Court instead of coming up from a lower court, which is why it is called original jurisdiction; it is also exclusive, because no High Court can hear it. The dispute must involve a question of law or fact on which a legal right depends, and a private citizen cannot file a suit under this Article. Option A is wrong because appellate jurisdiction covers appeals against judgments of the High Courts and lower courts. Option B is wrong because advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 lets the President seek the Court’s opinion. Option C is wrong because the Constitution names no separate constitutional jurisdiction for such disputes; appeals on constitutional questions fall under appellate jurisdiction in Article 132. Exam tip: Article 131 original, Article 32 writs, Article 143 advisory.

The correct answer is D, Satara. Satara was the first state annexed under Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse, in 1848. Under this policy, if the ruler of a dependent state died without a natural male heir, the state lapsed to the East India Company, and an adopted son could not inherit the throne. Dalhousie, Governor-General from 1848 to 1856, used it to take Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur in Chhattisgarh (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854). The anger it caused among rulers such as Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi fed directly into the revolt of 1857. Option A is wrong because Jaitpur was annexed in 1849, a year after Satara. Option B is wrong because Sambalpur was also taken in 1849. Option C is wrong because Jhansi was annexed in 1853, when the Company refused to recognise the adopted son of Raja Gangadhar Rao. Exam tip: the lapse list runs Satara 1848, Jaitpur and Sambalpur 1849, Jhansi 1853, Nagpur 1854.