Madhya Pradesh 2025 Previous Year GK Questions with Answers

The correct answer is C, The Competition Act, 2002. Competition policy in India rests on the Competition Act of 2002, which was passed on the advice of the Raghavan Committee after liberalisation, and it replaced the older monopolies law. The Act forbids agreements that harm competition, such as cartels that fix prices or share markets, forbids the abuse of a dominant position, and requires large mergers and acquisitions to be cleared in advance. It is enforced by the Competition Commission of India, which was set up in 2003 and began hearing cases in 2009, with appeals going to the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal. Option A is wrong because the Companies Act of 2013 governs the formation and running of companies. Option B is wrong because the MRTP Act of 1969 was repealed when this Act came into force. Option D is wrong because the Consumer Protection Act of 2019 protects buyers against unfair trade practices. Exam tip: MRTP 1969 replaced by Competition Act 2002, regulator CCI.

The correct answer is A, Licence-Permit-Quota Raj. The New Industrial Policy of 24 July 1991 abolished industrial licensing for all but a short list of industries, so a firm no longer needed a government permit to start production, to expand or to import. That system of licences, permits and quotas, named the Licence-Permit-Quota Raj by C. Rajagopalachari, had governed Indian industry since the Industries Act of 1951. The reforms came in a balance of payments crisis under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, and are remembered as liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. Option B is wrong because the banks nationalised in 1969 and 1980 stayed in public hands. Option C is wrong because subsidies on fertiliser, food and power continue to this day. Option D is wrong because cooperative banks still work under the Reserve Bank and state registrars. Exam tip: 1991 reforms, licensing kept for only a handful of industries.

The correct answer is C, Stapedius. The stapedius, only about 1 millimetre long, is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. It lies in the middle ear and is attached to the stapes, which is itself the smallest bone of the body. When a very loud sound reaches the ear, the stapedius contracts and damps the vibration of the stapes, protecting the delicate inner ear; this is called the acoustic reflex. It is supplied by the facial nerve, so damage to that nerve can make ordinary sounds seem painfully loud. Option A is wrong because the biceps is a large muscle at the front of the upper arm that bends the elbow. Option B is wrong because the sartorius, which runs across the thigh, is the longest muscle of the body, not the smallest. Option D is wrong because the triceps at the back of the upper arm straightens the elbow and is a large muscle. Exam tip: smallest muscle stapedius, smallest bone stapes, longest muscle sartorius, largest muscle gluteus maximus.

The correct answer is B, To maintain price stability and ensure economic growth. Monetary policy is run by the central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, which controls the supply and the cost of money in the economy. Under the RBI Act, 1934, as amended in 2016, its main goal is to keep prices stable while keeping in mind the objective of growth. In 2016 India adopted flexible inflation targeting, with a CPI inflation target of 4 per cent within a band of 2 to 6 per cent, and a six-member Monetary Policy Committee sets the repo rate. Tools such as the repo rate, the cash reserve ratio and open market operations let the RBI make credit cheaper or dearer. Option A is wrong because raising government expenditure is a fiscal policy step decided through the Budget. Option C is wrong because cutting the fiscal deficit is also a fiscal policy goal of the government. Option D is wrong because managing forex reserves is a supporting task of the RBI, not the main aim of monetary policy. Exam tip: monetary policy means the RBI and the repo rate; fiscal policy means the government, taxes and spending.

The correct answer is B, Pacific and Indian Ocean. The Southern Oscillation is a see-saw in air pressure between the tropical eastern Pacific and the Indian Ocean: when pressure is high over one, it is low over the other. Sir Gilbert Walker, head of the India Meteorological Department, identified it in the 1920s while trying to forecast the monsoon, and it is measured by the pressure difference between Tahiti in the Pacific and Darwin in northern Australia. When pressure over the eastern Pacific becomes lower than over the Indian Ocean, El Niño tends to develop and the Indian monsoon often weakens, which is why the two are studied together as ENSO, the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Option A is wrong because the partner of the Pacific in this see-saw is the Indian Ocean, not the Atlantic. Option C is wrong because the Pacific, the key player, is missing from this pair. Option D is wrong because option B describes the pattern correctly. Exam tip: Southern Oscillation, Pacific and Indian Ocean, Tahiti–Darwin pressure, found by Gilbert Walker.

The correct answer is B, Bharia. Patalkot is a deep, horseshoe-shaped valley in the Tamia area of Chhindwara district, and most of its villages are home to the Bharia tribe. The valley floor lies more than a thousand feet below the surrounding Satpura plateau, so for a long time the Bharias lived almost cut off from the outside world, depending on the forest for food and herbal medicine. The Bharias of Patalkot are one of the three Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Madhya Pradesh, along with the Baiga and the Sahariya. Option A is wrong because the Bhil, the largest tribe of the state, live mainly in western districts such as Jhabua, Alirajpur and Dhar. Option C is wrong because the Khairwar are a separate tribe and not the main community of Patalkot. Option D is wrong because the Oraon belong mainly to the Chhotanagpur region of Jharkhand. Exam tip: Patalkot, Chhindwara, Bharia tribe, one of the three PVTGs of Madhya Pradesh with the Baiga and Sahariya.

The correct answer is D, The Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi. On the morning of 6 April 1930 Gandhi picked up a lump of natural salt on the beach at Dandi and broke the salt law, and with that the Civil Disobedience Movement began. He had set out from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 with 78 chosen followers and walked about 240 miles in 24 days, reaching Dandi on the Gujarat coast on 5 April. Salt was chosen because the salt tax hit every Indian, rich or poor, so one small act turned into a protest across the whole country. Option A is wrong because the Quit India Movement began in August 1942, after the Congress resolution of 8 August. Option B is wrong because Lord Curzon’s Partition of Bengal took effect on 16 October 1905. Option C is wrong because the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in Amritsar on 13 April 1919. Exam tip: Dandi March from 12 March to 5 April 1930, salt law broken on 6 April 1930.