Geography Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 50

Of the four islands listed, Borneo has the largest area; it is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia.

Rana Pratap Sagar Dam stands on the Chambal at Rawatbhata in the Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan. It is one of the four structures of the Chambal Valley Project: Gandhi Sagar Dam upstream in Madhya Pradesh, then Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar and the Kota Barrage in Rajasthan.

Shillong is the capital of Meghalaya, the hill state whose name means abode of the clouds. Meghalaya was carved out of Assam and became a full state on 21 January 1972, the same day as Manipur and Tripura.

Nainital, the eye-shaped lake, lies in the Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand at a height of about 1,938 metres. The town grew around it after the British trader P. Barron reached the lake in 1841, and it became the summer capital of the United Provinces.

Himalayan rivers are perennial, so statement 1 is wrong, while statements 2 and 3 are correct. Himalayan rivers such as the Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra rise from glaciers and snowfields and also get monsoon rain, so they flow all year round, including in winter.

All three statements about latitude are true. Latitude decides how directly the Sun's rays strike a place, so temperature, rainfall and the type of vegetation change from the equator towards the poles, from hot, wet rainforests to cold tundra.

Tso Kar, Pangong Tso and Tso Moriri are high-altitude lakes of Ladakh, while Tsomgo lies in Sikkim. Pangong Tso, at about 4,350 metres, is a long, narrow lake that stretches from Ladakh into Tibet, and most of its length lies on the Chinese side.

By Census 2011, Jammu and Kashmir had the smallest share of India's population among these four, then Haryana, then Rajasthan, and Bihar the largest.

The Tharu are a tribe of the Terai, the foothill belt along the Nepal border, and live mainly in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, not in Madhya Pradesh.

At about 1,684 km, the Kolkata–Chennai arm along the east coast is the longest of the four sides of the Golden Quadrilateral.

Warm sea water, moist air and an unstable atmosphere are the conditions a tropical cyclone needs in order to be born.

The Mekong river ends in a vast delta in southern Vietnam, where it splits into many channels before entering the South China Sea.

Dolomite is a sedimentary rock, not an igneous one; it forms from layers of carbonate deposits laid down in water.

Among the four states given, Tamil Nadu has by far the longest coastline, stretching from Pulicat Lake in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.

India stretches across about 30 degrees of longitude, and every degree makes a difference of four minutes in local time.

Jharkhand has railway divisions such as Ranchi and Dhanbad, but no zonal headquarters. Indian Railways is organised into zones, each headed by a General Manager, and every zone is split into divisions.

The Dhanbad-Jamshedpur region is known for coal, iron and steel, not cotton textiles. Cotton mills grew where raw cotton, a humid climate, capital, cheap power and markets came together.

The Ganga rises on the Indian side of the Great Himalaya, at the Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand, while the Indus, the Satluj and the Brahmaputra all rise beyond the Himalaya in Tibet.

Indian monsoon rain is shaped by relief, varies widely by region and season, and falls in heavy bursts, but its onset and withdrawal are not regular.

Magnetite is the black ore of iron, it is very rich in iron, and it is naturally magnetic. Magnetite is an iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) and the finest iron ore, with an iron content of about 60 to 70 per cent, the highest among the common ores.