Science & Technology Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 2

Mission Shakti was India's first anti-satellite (ASAT) missile test. On 27 March 2019 DRDO fired a ground-launched interceptor from Dr. A.P.J.

All four materials can be turned into Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) through one or another approved conversion route. SAF is a jet fuel made from renewable or waste sources instead of crude oil, and it can be blended with ordinary aviation turbine fuel without changing aircraft engines.

A hydrogen fuel cell joins hydrogen with oxygen from the air to make electricity, and the only product that leaves the exhaust is water.

Rafale, MiG-29 and Tejas Mk-1 are all fourth or 4.5 generation fighters; none of them is a fifth-generation aircraft. A fifth-generation fighter is defined by all-aspect stealth, internal weapons bays, supercruise and advanced sensor fusion.

The telescope sits near the second Lagrange point (L2), about 1.5 million km from Earth, and goes round the Sun along with the Earth.

All four are high-performance computing systems built or installed in India for research, weather forecasting and artificial intelligence. PARAM Siddhi-AI was built by C-DAC under the National Supercomputing Mission and is installed at C-DAC, Pune.

Microsatellites are genetic markers that show how closely related individuals, populations and species are. Microsatellites, also called short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats, are stretches of DNA in which a short motif of one to six bases, such as CA, is repeated many times.

Aerial metagenomics reads all the DNA floating in the air of a place together. Every living thing sheds traces of DNA through skin cells, hair, pollen, spores and droppings, and this environmental DNA, or eDNA, drifts in the air.

Green hydrogen is chemically the same as any hydrogen, so it can be burnt in engines, mixed with natural gas or used in fuel cells.

Both statements swap the features of ballistic and cruise missiles. A ballistic missile is rocket-powered only in the first, boost phase; after that it follows a high, curved, mostly unpowered path, re-entering the atmosphere at very high speed.

Japan runs its own regional satellite navigation system, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), also called Michibiki.

The American computer scientist John McCarthy is called the father of artificial intelligence because he coined the term itself in his proposal for the Dartmouth summer research project of 1956, the meeting at which the field was born.

Bias in an artificial intelligence system is traced to three sources, the data it learns from, the algorithm that learns, and the people who build and use it; ability is not one of them, because the skill of a model is a measure of how well it performs, not a…

Prithvi II is test-fired from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur on the Odisha coast, the DRDO range used for missile and rocket trials.

The Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme was approved in 1983 and run by the DRDO under Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, which is why he is called the Missile Man of India.

Rakesh Sharma flew in 1984, Kalpana Chawla in 1997, Sunita Williams in 2006 and Sirisha Bandla in 2021. Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen in space on 3 April 1984, aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11, and told Indira Gandhi that India looked 'saare jahan se achha'.

NASA's Lucy mission, launched in October 2021, is the solar-powered spacecraft that travels farthest from the Sun to study the Trojan asteroids.

THAAD, properly the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, is a United States system built to shoot down ballistic missiles in the last, or terminal, phase of their flight.

Pinaka and Smerch are both multi-barrel rocket launchers used by the Indian Army's artillery. Pinaka was developed by DRDO, with the Armament Research and Development Establishment at Pune as the lead laboratory, and is named after the bow of Lord Shiva.

Project 75 India, or P-75I, is the Indian Navy's plan to build six advanced conventional diesel-electric submarines in India. Its key requirement is Air Independent Propulsion, which lets a conventional submarine stay submerged for much longer without surfacing to charge its batteries.