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Science & Technology Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers

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Science & Technology questions asked in previous year papers of SSC, Banking, Railway and other exams, with the exam and year, answers and explanations.

128 previous-year questions

All Science & Technology questionsScience & Technology NotesPYQs by exam
Q1.Science & TechnologyAsked in: NDA · NDA-I 2026, GATMedium

With reference to defence cooperation between India and Russia, which of the following statements is/are correct?

I. BrahMos Cruise Missile system is jointly developed by India's DRDO and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya (NPOM).

II. The production site of the Indo-Russia Rifles Private Limited (IRRPL) joint venture is in Korwa, Madhya Pradesh under the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative.

Select the answer using the code given below.

  1. A.I only
  2. B.II only
  3. C.Both I and II
  4. D.Neither I nor II
Show answer
Correct answer: A. I only

BrahMos is indeed a joint DRDO-NPOM missile, but the IRRPL factory at Korwa is in Uttar Pradesh, not Madhya Pradesh.

Q2.Science & TechnologyAsked in: CDS · CDS-II 2026, GKMedium

The Technology Development Fund (TDF) is a flagship initiative under

  1. A.Ministry of Defence
  2. B.Ministry of Heavy Industries
  3. C.Ministry of Science and Technology
  4. D.Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Show answer
Correct answer: A. Ministry of Defence

The Technology Development Fund was set up by the Ministry of Defence in 2016 and is run by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as part of the Make in India drive.

Q3.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2026, GS Paper IMedium

Which of the following statements with regard to India's Deep Ocean Mission is/are correct?

1. It was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Government of India.

2. Matsya-6000 has been designed to carry 3 people for deep sea exploration.

3. Samudrayaan is a project under this mission.

Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. A.1 only
  2. B.2 and 3 only
  3. C.1 and 2 only
  4. D.1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: B. 2 and 3 only

Samudrayaan is part of the Deep Ocean Mission and its vehicle Matsya-6000 is built to take three people into the deep sea; the mission belongs to the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Q4.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2026, GS Paper IMedium

Which of the following statements with regard to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is/are correct?

1. It aims at developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50 - 1000 physical qubits.

2. Its implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in academic and national R&D institutes across India.

Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. A.1 only
  2. B.2 only
  3. C.Both 1 and 2
  4. D.Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: C. Both 1 and 2

The mission targets intermediate-scale quantum computers of 50 to 1000 physical qubits and is being carried out through four Thematic Hubs.

Q5.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2026, GS Paper IMedium

Which of the following statements with regard to GenomeIndia Project is/are correct?

1. It is a part of the Human Genome Project.

2. The project is funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India.

3. Its primary aim is to build a catalogue of genetic diversity of the Indian population.

Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. A.1 only
  2. B.2 and 3 only
  3. C.1 and 2 only
  4. D.1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: B. 2 and 3 only

GenomeIndia is India's own national programme, paid for by the Department of Biotechnology, and its goal is a reference catalogue of Indian genetic variation.

Q6.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2026, GS Paper IMedium

Which of the following statements with regard to genetic medicine is/are correct ? 1. Genetic medicines correct/compensate for the faulty genes responsible for disease. 2. Engineered viruses and lipid nanoparticles are used as carriers of the genetic medicine. 3. Genetic medicines alter the entire DNA sequence. Select the answer using the code given below :

  1. A.1 only
  2. B.2 and 3 only
  3. C.1 and 2 only
  4. D.1,2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: C. 1 and 2 only

Genetic medicines fix or make up for a faulty gene using delivery vehicles such as viruses and lipid nanoparticles, but they do not rewrite a person's whole DNA.

Q7.Science & TechnologyAsked in: CDS · CDS-I 2025, GKMedium

"Million Minds Augmenting National Aspirations and Knowledge" (MANAK), a scheme under the flagship programme, Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE), caters to :

  1. A.The college students studying in the undergraduate programme in the age group of 19 - 25 years.
  2. B.The research scholars in recognized research laboratories of national importance.
  3. C.The college teachers of the country.
  4. D.The school children studying in classes 6 - 10 in the age group of 10 - 15 years.
Show answer
Correct answer: D. The school children studying in classes 6 - 10 in the age group of 10 - 15 years.

INSPIRE-MANAK is the school-level part of INSPIRE. INSPIRE is run by the Department of Science and Technology to draw young talent into science.

Q8.Science & TechnologyAsked in: NDA · NDA-II 2025, GATEasy

Ethereum, Tether, Solana and Cardano are all forms of

  1. A.Crypto currency
  2. B.Artificial Intelligence(AI) Startups
  3. C.Humanoid Robots
  4. D.Medical apps
Show answer
Correct answer: A. Crypto currency

Ethereum, Tether, Solana and Cardano are all cryptocurrencies, digital assets recorded on blockchains rather than issued by a central bank.

Q9.Science & TechnologyAsked in: CDS · CDS-II 2025, GKMedium

Which of the following statements about India's military arsenal is/are correct ? 1. HAMMER is a weapon system built for the Rafale fighter aircraft. 2. SCALP cruise missile is also known as Storm Shadow. 3. BrahMos missiles are built under a joint venture between India and Russia. Select the answer using the code given below :

  1. A.1 and 2 only
  2. B.2 and 3 only
  3. C.1, 2 and 3
  4. D.3 only
Show answer
Correct answer: C. 1, 2 and 3

All three statements describe the weapons correctly. HAMMER, short for Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range, is a French precision-guided air-to-ground bomb kit made by Safran; India bought it to arm its Rafale jets, which can strike targets tens of kilometres away with it.

Q10.Science & TechnologyAsked in: NDA · NDA-I 2025, GATEasy

India's Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), part of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed an aero-engine which will potentially make India self-reliance in aero-engine technology. What is the name of the engine?

  1. A.Ganga
  2. B.Yamuna
  3. C.Krishna
  4. D.Kaveri
Show answer
Correct answer: D. Kaveri

Kaveri is the turbofan aero-engine developed by the Gas Turbine Research Establishment of DRDO in Bengaluru. The Kaveri project began in the late 1980s to power the Light Combat Aircraft Tejas.

Q11.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2025, GS Paper IMedium

With reference to India's defence, consider the following pairs : Aircraft type — Description I. Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft II. IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft III. C-17 Globemaster III : Military transport aircraft How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

  1. A.Only one
  2. B.Only two
  3. C.All the three
  4. D.None
Show answer
Correct answer: B. Only two

Pairs I and III are correct; the IL-76 is a heavy transport aircraft, not a supersonic fighter.

Q12.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2025, GS Paper IMedium

Consider the following statements :

Statement I : Of the two major ethanol producers in the world, i.e., Brazil and the United States of America, the former produces more ethanol than the latter.

Statement II : Unlike in the United States of America where corn is the principal feedstock for ethanol production, sugarcane is the principal feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. A.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
  2. B.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
  3. C.Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
  4. D.Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
Show answer
Correct answer: D. Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct

The United States, not Brazil, is the world's largest ethanol producer, while the feedstocks named in Statement II are right.

Q13.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2025, GS Paper IMedium

Consider the following statements : I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing. II. Majorana chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS). III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A.I and II only
  2. B.II and III only
  3. C.I and III only
  4. D.I, II and III
Show answer
Correct answer: C. I and III only

Majorana 1 is a quantum computing chip, but it was unveiled by Microsoft, not AWS; and deep learning is indeed a branch of machine learning.

Q14.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2025, GS Paper IMedium

What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

  1. A.These are alternatives to hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants
  2. B.These are explosives in military weapons
  3. C.These are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles
  4. D.These are fuels for rocket propulsion
Show answer
Correct answer: B. These are explosives in military weapons

CL-20, HMX and LLM-105 are all powerful high explosives used in warheads, shells and military charges. HMX, also called octogen, is a nitramine explosive more powerful than RDX and is used in missile warheads and shaped charges.

Q15.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2025, GS Paper IMedium

In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements : I. Cobalt II. Graphite III. Lithium IV. Nickel How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

  1. A.Only one
  2. B.Only two
  3. C.Only three
  4. D.All the four
Show answer
Correct answer: C. Only three

Cobalt, lithium and nickel are cathode materials, while graphite is used for the anode. A lithium-ion battery has a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode) and an electrolyte through which lithium ions move.

Q16.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2025, GS Paper IEasy

Consider the following types of vehicles : I. Full battery electric vehicles II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles III. Fuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles?

  1. A.Only one
  2. B.Only two
  3. C.All the three
  4. D.None
Show answer
Correct answer: C. All the three

Any vehicle that does not depend only on a petrol or diesel engine for propulsion counts as an alternative powertrain vehicle, and all three types qualify.

Q17.Science & TechnologyAsked in: RRB NTPC · 05 Jun, 2025, Shift 1Medium

What is the primary objective of the Chandra Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) payload?

  1. A.To assess the Moon geological composition
  2. B.To measure the vertical temperature profile of the lunar regolith
  3. C.To measure the Moon atmospheric pressure
  4. D.To study the Moon magnetic field
Show answer
Correct answer: B. To measure the vertical temperature profile of the lunar regolith

ChaSTE was carried on the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-3. It has a probe fitted with a set of temperature sensors, which was pushed into the lunar soil to a depth of about ten centimetres near the south polar region.

Q18.Science & TechnologyAsked in: CDS · CDS-I 2024, GKMedium

Which one of the following is an indigenous assault rifle developed by DRDO?

  1. A.Heckler
  2. B.T91
  3. C.Tikka
  4. D.Ugram
Show answer
Correct answer: D. Ugram

Ugram is a 7.62 mm assault rifle designed in India by DRDO for the armed forces and police. Ugram was developed by the Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune, a DRDO laboratory, together with a private Hyderabad firm, Dvipa Armour India, and it was unveiled in January 2024.

Q19.Science & TechnologyAsked in: CDS · CDS-I 2024, GKMedium

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope consists of

  1. A.a single parabolic antenna
  2. B.multiple parabolic antennas
  3. C.multiple circular antennas
  4. D.a combination of circular and parabolic antennas
Show answer
Correct answer: B. multiple parabolic antennas

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is an array of 30 fully steerable parabolic dish antennas, each 45 metres across.

Q20.Science & TechnologyAsked in: UPSC CAPF · CAPF 2024, Paper IEasy

"Mission Shakti" (DRDO) is the name given by India to

  1. A.Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile
  2. B.Air-to-Air Missile
  3. C.Anti-Satellite Missile
  4. D.Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine
Show answer
Correct answer: C. Anti-Satellite Missile

Mission Shakti was India's anti-satellite (ASAT) missile test, carried out by DRDO on 27 March 2019. In the test, a Ballistic Missile Defence interceptor launched from Dr A.P.J.