Science & Technology GK Notes
ISRO and space missions, defence technology, nuclear energy, biotechnology, AI, semiconductors and new technology.
2 topics23 MCQs3 previous-year questions2 quizzesUpdated
Science and Technology here means the applied science that exams take from India's programmes and policies, rather than school-level General Science. The topics open with ISRO Launch Vehicles: PSLV, GSLV and LVM3, Indian Satellites and NavIC, the Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan missions, Gaganyaan and Human Spaceflight, and Aditya-L1. Then come DRDO and Defence Technology, the Missile Systems of India, the Nuclear Programme of India, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Health, Artificial Intelligence and the IndiaAI Mission, the National Quantum Mission, Green Hydrogen, and Cyber Security and Digital Public Infrastructure.
SSC CGL, CHSL and MTS, RRB NTPC, ALP and Group D ask it as direct facts: which rocket carried a satellite, the range class of a missile, or a vaccine's name. UPSC Prelims and state PSC papers go a level deeper and ask the purpose of a mission, the science behind a technology or which ministry runs a scheme. New launches and tests arrive every month, so the subject is a fixed base of facts plus a current-affairs layer.
Use the topic-wise notes in syllabus order and finish each topic with its practice MCQs. Previous-year questions are tagged with the exam and year, so you can see whether SSC, RRB or UPSC has asked about a mission and how. Mixed quiz sets cover every topic together for revision, and GK24 publishes each note in English and Hindi.
Topic-wise notes
- 1
ISRO Launch Vehicles: PSLV, GSLV and LVM3
India's launch vehicles from SLV-3 and ASLV to PSLV, GSLV Mk II, LVM3 and SSLV: their stages, propellants, payload capacity, launch site and the missions each has carried.
10 MCQs
- 2
Indian Satellites and NavIC
Aryabhata, APPLE, the INSAT, GSAT and IRS families, Kalpana-1, EDUSAT, Astrosat and Aditya-L1, and the NavIC navigation system with its orbits, services, accuracy and uses.
10 MCQs
Frequently Asked Questions
Which Science and Technology topics matter most for SSC CGL?
ISRO's launch vehicles and major missions such as Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Aditya-L1 and Gaganyaan, DRDO missiles and their categories, India's nuclear power plants and research centres, supercomputers, vaccines developed in India, and the names of new government missions on AI, quantum technology and semiconductors. SSC asks these as one-line facts, usually tied to something in the news in the year before the exam, so pair the notes with current affairs.
What kind of Science and Technology questions come in RRB NTPC and Group D?
Railway papers keep it factual: the full form of ISRO or DRDO, the launch vehicle used for a well-known mission, the first Indian satellite, the name of a missile or a submarine, the location of a nuclear plant or a space centre, and recent achievements such as a lunar landing or a human spaceflight test. General Science gets more questions than technology in these exams, so cover the basics here and spend the rest of your time on science.
Is Science and Technology important for UPSC Prelims?
Yes. The General Studies Paper I syllabus includes general science, and a steady share of questions each year comes from developments in space, defence, biotechnology, IT, energy and health. UPSC asks how a technology works and why it matters, not just names: what a launch vehicle's stages do, what NavIC provides, how green hydrogen is produced, or what a quantum mission aims at. Read the notes for the concept, then follow the news for applications.
How is Science and Technology different from General Science?
General Science is the school syllabus: physics, chemistry and biology concepts such as units, acids and bases, the human body and diseases. Science and Technology is about applications and institutions: ISRO, DRDO, nuclear energy, biotechnology, AI and telecom, and the missions and policies of the Indian government. Most exams ask both, with General Science carrying more questions in SSC and railway papers and Science and Technology weighing more in UPSC and state PSC.
How do I keep my Science and Technology notes up to date?
Treat the topic notes as the fixed base: launch vehicle families, mission names and purposes, missile types, nuclear plants, major missions and Acts. On top of that, add each month's new launches, tests, approvals and awards from current affairs to the matching topic. Before an exam, revise the base from the notes and the last year of additions together, and use the previous-year questions to see which kind of development each exam tends to pick.
Are ISRO missions asked in bank exams?
Yes, mainly as current affairs. IBPS, SBI and RBI papers ask about recent launches: the mission name, the launch vehicle, the launch site, the satellite's purpose and any foreign partner. Older static facts about ISRO, such as its founding year or its centres, appear less often. If you are preparing for a bank exam, read the space topics here once for background and then track new launches in current affairs.