Swachh Bharat Mission and Its Behaviour Change Journey

The correct answer is 2 October 2014. The mission was launched on that date and grew into one of the largest government-led sanitation movements in the country, working through two components, one for rural areas and one for urban areas. Option B is wrong because that date is Independence Day of the same year, when the idea was spoken of but the mission itself had not been rolled out. Option C is wrong because that date marks the declaration of rural India as free of open defecation and the anniversary set as the original target, not the launch. Option D is wrong because it names the start of a financial year and has no link with the launch. A simple way to hold the dates together is that the mission started on a Gandhi Jayanti and reported its rural milestone on another Gandhi Jayanti five years later.

The correct answer is the spectacles of Mahatma Gandhi. The logo of the mission is built around the round glasses associated with the Father of the Nation. The backgrounder explains that this helped build brand value for the campaign, carried the emotion attached to cleanliness and let ordinary people connect with the mission quickly and easily. Option A is wrong because the spinning wheel, though strongly tied to Gandhi and to Khadi, is not the symbol used in the logo. Option C and option D name other objects associated with Gandhi in popular memory, but neither of them appears in the mission mark. Alongside the logo, candidates should also remember that the term Swachhagrahi was deliberately coined from Satyagraha, so that volunteers were seen as taking part in a collective Swachhagraha.

The correct answer is ODF++. This protocol goes beyond the availability and upkeep of toilets and looks at what happens to faecal sludge after it leaves the toilet, covering its safe containment, evacuation, transportation and processing so that untreated sludge does not flow into open drains, water bodies or fields. Option A is wrong because the plain ODF protocol is about ensuring that every citizen has access to a toilet. Option B is wrong because ODF+ extends that focus to community and public toilets that are functional, usable and properly maintained, which helps prevent slippage back to open defecation. Option D is wrong because Water+ is the next rung, dealing with untreated black water and grey water and encouraging reuse of a share of treated wastewater. Learn the ladder in order: ODF, ODF+, ODF++ and then Water+.