UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

Free legal aid is a Directive Principle under Article 39A, and the Supreme Court has made it the duty of the police to inform the nearest Legal Aid Committee as soon as a person is arrested.

It is the Finance Ministry's nodal department for economic policy, at home and abroad, including the management of foreign exchange.

The laws passed between 1948 and the middle of the nineteen fifties ended zamindari, jagirdari and similar tenures across the country and brought about twenty million cultivators into direct relation with the state, and the First Amendment of 1951 secured those laws, so the class of rent collecting intermediaries disappeared.

Passed in 1978, it deleted the right to property from Part III and re-enacted it as Article 300A, under which no person may be deprived of property except by authority of law, so the protection is now a legal right enforceable through the ordinary courts rather than a fundamental right.

A benami transfer records land in the name of a relative, a servant or a fictitious person while the real owner keeps control, and it was the commonest device used to stay within the family ceiling on paper while holding far more land in fact, which is one reason so…

These states made consolidation compulsory and completed it over most of their cultivated area, exchanging a farmer's scattered strips for one compact block, which made tube wells, tractors and field channels worth installing and so fed into the green revolution.

Land, rights in and over land, land tenures, the relation of landlord and tenant, and the collection of rent are entries of List II of the Seventh Schedule, which is why zamindari abolition, tenancy law and ceilings were enacted state by state and why their record varies so much.

Walking through the villages of the Telangana region in 1951 he asked landowners to treat the landless as their own kin and to gift a share of their land, and the first such gift at Pochampally began the Bhoodan or land gift movement, later extended as Gramdan, the gift of…

From 1978 the state government ran a campaign to enter the names of sharecroppers, known there as bargadars, in official records, which gave them a permanent and heritable right to cultivate and a legally fixed share of the crop, and it is quoted as the most effective tenancy reform in…

Courts had begun to strike down zamindari abolition laws as a breach of the right to property, so Parliament inserted Articles 31A and 31B and created the Ninth Schedule, in which a law can be placed to put it beyond challenge on the ground that it takes away a fundamental…

Working with Alexander Read in the ceded districts and later as Governor of Madras, Munro settled the revenue directly with each cultivator, the ryot, who was recognised as the owner of his field so long as he paid, with the demand revised every twenty or thirty years.

In 1793 he settled the land revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha permanently with the zamindars, who were recognised as proprietors so long as they paid a demand fixed for ever, and the cultivator was left without any recorded right in the land.

Kadaknath is a poultry breed of the Jhabua and Dhar region of western Madhya Pradesh, reared by tribal households, and its black flesh, bones and blood make it distinctive enough to have been given a geographical indication tag.

The correct answer is C, because the gains were not spread evenly: they were concentrated in the assured irrigation belt of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, and later in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, while the rain fed districts of central and eastern India gained far less.

Jute is called the golden fibre for the colour of its retted fibre, so the programme to raise its output and improve its processing is named the golden fibre revolution, and it matters most in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.

Apiculture is bee keeping for honey and beeswax, and it is counted among the allied activities because it needs almost no land and raises the yield of nearby crops through pollination.

The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, which studies the stocks, breeding and farming of sea fish along the Indian coast, has its headquarters at Kochi in Kerala.

This goat of the cold Changthang plateau grows a very fine soft undercoat in winter, and that fibre, combed out in spring, is the pashmina from which Kashmiri shawls are woven.

Murrah, from the Rohtak and Hisar belt of Haryana, is the best known milk buffalo of India, recognised by its tightly curled horns and heavy milk yield, and it has been used to improve buffalo stock in many states and abroad.

He organised the milk producers of the Kaira district into the cooperative known by the brand Amul, designed the three tier Anand pattern, headed the National Dairy Development Board and led Operation Flood, which is why the growth of Indian dairying is credited to him.