SSC GD Constable GK Questions 2026

Operation Sadbhavna is the Indian Army's goodwill and civic action programme for people in remote and disturbed areas. The Army began it in the late 1990s in Jammu and Kashmir and later took it to Ladakh and parts of the North-East.

Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary lies in Sirsa district in the dry south-western corner of Haryana, in the belt through which the seasonal Ghaggar passes.

This is the law under which state governments declare national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves and community reserves, and under which species are listed in schedules for protection.

Kalesar in Yamunanagar district is the one place in Haryana with a genuine sal forest, a Shivalik type of dry deciduous forest mixed with khair, shisham, sain and semul, with chir pine on the higher slopes.

The crocodile breeding centre at Bhor Saidan lies in Kurukshetra district and breeds the marsh crocodile, the mugger. Kurukshetra also holds the Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary, a wetland for migratory birds, and the deer and blackbuck enclosures at Pipli, so the district appears more than once in this chapter.

The blackbuck is the state animal of Haryana and survives in the open scrub and grassland of Sirsa, Hisar, Bhiwani and Rewari, where sanctuaries such as Abubshahar and Nahar protect it, helped in the south-west by the Bishnoi tradition of protecting wildlife.

Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the Shivalik tract of Panchkula district. The name itself explains its origin: a bir is an enclosed woodlot and shikargah means a hunting ground, so the area was a hunting preserve of the princely period that was later turned into a protected area.

It lies in Kaithal district and is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Haryana by area, a plantation and scrub tract along the old course associated with the Saraswati, created to restore tree cover and wildlife on land that had little of either.

The Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre at Pinjore in Panchkula district was India's first centre for breeding vultures in captivity, run by the Haryana forest department with the Bombay Natural History Society.

Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary is a man-made wetland in Jhajjar district, filled by overflow water from the Jawaharlal Nehru canal. It is the largest wetland in Haryana, was recognised as a Ramsar site in 2021, and hosts a long list of migratory waterbirds each winter.

These were Haryana's first two wetlands recognised under the Ramsar Convention as wetlands of international importance, both in 2021. Sultanpur is in Gurugram district and Bhindawas, the largest wetland in the state, is in Jhajjar district and is filled by overflow from the Jawaharlal Nehru canal.

Kalesar National Park lies in the Shivalik foothills of Yamunanagar district at the north-eastern corner of Haryana, where the state meets Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand along the Yamuna.

Sultanpur National Park stands near Farrukhnagar in Gurugram district, on the road from Gurugram to Jhajjar. It is a shallow freshwater lake ringed by grassland and scrub, the best known protected area of Haryana, and it draws thousands of migratory waterbirds every winter.

These are low pressure systems that form over the Mediterranean and West Asia and travel east with the westerly jet stream, reaching north-west India in winter.

Where canal water has been applied for decades without matching drainage, the water table creeps up towards the surface. Capillary action then draws water upward, it evaporates in the dry heat, and the dissolved salts it carried are left behind as the white crust of kallar or reh.

The Shivalik belt of Panchkula and Yamunanagar carries dry deciduous forest with sal, khair, shisham and sain, while the Aravalli spurs of the south and the dry south-west carry thorn forest of kikar or babool, khejri, ber and dhak.

Karoh Peak stands in the Morni hills of Panchkula district, in the Shivalik belt at the northern edge of the state, and rises to about 1,467 metres.

The peepal, Ficus religiosa, is the state tree of Haryana. It is a long-lived tree of the plain, planted at village meeting places and shrines, and the state's scheme that pays a pension for the care of very old trees protects many peepals among them.

In the national division of the country into agro-climatic regions, the Trans-Gangetic Plains region covers Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh and the Ganganagar tract of Rajasthan.

The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, a research institute under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, is at Karnal. It works on reclaiming salt-affected and alkaline land, on gypsum treatment and subsurface drainage, and on salt-tolerant crop varieties, all problems that Haryana's canal-irrigated districts face directly.