RRB NTPC 2025 Previous Year GK Questions with Answers

The correct answer is Article 48A. Added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, it says the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. The same amendment added a matching Fundamental Duty in Article 51A(g), asking every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Laws such as the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 give effect to this goal.

The other options are the Articles right next to it. Article 48 asks the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern lines and to prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle. Article 47 is about nutrition, public health and the prohibition of intoxicating drinks. Article 49 is about protecting monuments of national importance. Remember the pair: the State's duty to the environment is Article 48A, and the citizen's duty is Article 51A(g).

The correct answer is Eighty-sixth Amendment Act, 2002. Originally Article 45 asked the State to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they reached fourteen, within ten years. The 86th Amendment moved that promise into the Fundamental Rights as Article 21A, covering children aged six to fourteen, and rewrote Article 45 so that it now asks the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete six years. The same amendment added the Fundamental Duty in Article 51A(k), asking parents to educate their children.

The 42nd Amendment (1976) added Articles 39A, 43A and 48A but did not touch Article 45. The 74th Amendment (1992) created the constitutional framework for municipalities. The 44th Amendment (1978) removed the right to property and added Article 38(2). So when a question pairs "below six years" with an amendment, the answer is the 86th; when it pairs "six to fourteen" with a Fundamental Right, the answer is Article 21A.

The correct answer is Article 43 B. The 97th Amendment Act, 2011 was about co-operative societies, and it touched three Parts of the Constitution. It added "co-operative societies" to the freedom of association in Article 19(1)(c), a Fundamental Right; it inserted Article 43B, a Directive Principle asking the State to promote the voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies; and it added a new Part IXB on co-operative societies.

The other options were all added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, not by the 97th. Article 48A is about protecting the environment, forests and wildlife; Article 39A is about equal justice and free legal aid; and Article 43A is about the participation of workers in the management of industries. So there are two "43" Articles with letters: 43A for workers (1976) and 43B for co-operatives (2011). Keeping these two apart is what the question really tests.

The correct answer is Article 39(d). Article 39 lists several principles the State should direct its policy towards, and clause (d) asks it to secure equal pay for equal work for both men and women. Parliament gave effect to it through the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, whose provisions are now part of the Code on Wages, 2019, and the Supreme Court has also treated equal pay for equal work as flowing from Articles 14 and 16.

The other options are real Directive Principles on related subjects, which is why they mislead. Article 39(a) is about an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, men and women equally. Article 42 asks for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. Article 43 is about a living wage and a decent standard of life for workers. A good way to separate them: 39(a) livelihood, 39(d) equal pay, 42 working conditions and maternity, 43 living wage.