The provision of early childhood care and education to children below six years of age was introduced by which Constitutional Amendment?
- A.Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976
- B.Seventy-fourth Amendment Act, 1992
- C.Eighty-sixth Amendment Act, 2002
- D.Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is Eighty-sixth Amendment Act, 2002. Originally Article 45 asked the State to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they reached fourteen, within ten years. The 86th Amendment moved that promise into the Fundamental Rights as Article 21A, covering children aged six to fourteen, and rewrote Article 45 so that it now asks the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete six years. The same amendment added the Fundamental Duty in Article 51A(k), asking parents to educate their children.
The 42nd Amendment (1976) added Articles 39A, 43A and 48A but did not touch Article 45. The 74th Amendment (1992) created the constitutional framework for municipalities. The 44th Amendment (1978) removed the right to property and added Article 38(2). So when a question pairs "below six years" with an amendment, the answer is the 86th; when it pairs "six to fourteen" with a Fundamental Right, the answer is Article 21A.
Read the full article: Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36–51): Notes and PYQs
Practice Questions
View allWhich of the following are enumerated in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, from Articles 36 to 51?
- A.Fundamental Rights
- B.Fundamental Duties
- C.Directive Principles of State Policy
- D.the Union
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Part IV of the Constitution, Articles 36 to 51, contains the Directive Principles: the goals the State should pursue in making laws and policies, such as a living wage, free legal aid, village panchayats and a Uniform Civil Code.
Read the full explanation →Which Article of the Indian Constitution states the following? ‘Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these principles in making laws.’
- A.Article 40
- B.Article 30
- C.Article 35
- D.Article 37
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It says two things at once: the provisions of Part IV "shall not be enforceable by any court", but the principles laid down in it are "nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws".
Read the full explanation →Equal pay for equal work is ensured under which Article?
- A.Article 39(d)
- B.Article 43
- C.Article 42
- D.Article 39(a)
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Article 39 lists several principles the State should direct its policy towards, and clause (d) asks it to secure equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
Read the full explanation →Which of the following articles promotes equal justice and free legal aid for all the citizens?
- A.39A
- B.43A
- C.48A
- D.32A
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Article 39A asks the State to ensure that the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity, and in particular to provide free legal aid, so that no citizen is denied justice because of economic or other disabilities.
Read the full explanation →Article 40 of the Indian constitution is related with ___________
- A.Organization of village panchayats
- B.Free and compulsory education
- C.Free housing to the poor
- D.Free medical aid to the citizen
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Article 40 asks the State to take steps to organise village panchayats and to give them the powers and authority they need to function as units of self-government.
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