Science & Technology Mixed Quiz: Set 33

The telescope sits near the second Lagrange point (L2), about 1.5 million km from Earth, and goes round the Sun along with the Earth.

LiFi (Light Fidelity) sends data wirelessly by switching LED light on and off far too fast for the eye to notice, and it can be many times faster than WiFi.

Open APIs let any device or application connect to Aadhaar's authentication service, and that service accepts iris scans as well as fingerprints, OTP and demographic data.

Whittingham built the first working lithium cell in the 1970s, Goodenough found that a lithium cobalt oxide cathode could give a far higher voltage, and Yoshino replaced the dangerous metallic lithium anode with a carbon material, producing the safe, rechargeable cell that was commercialised in 1991.

It regulates the use of pre-natal diagnostic techniques, requires every ultrasound clinic to be registered and to keep records, and prohibits sex selection before or after conception as well as the communication of the sex of the foetus to anyone.

MRI works by placing the hydrogen nuclei of the body in a strong static magnetic field and disturbing them with radiofrequency pulses, which lie in the harmless low-energy part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022 were notified under the Environment (Protection) Act and replaced the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules of 2001.

The British science fiction writer and engineer set out in 1945 how three satellites placed in a circular equatorial orbit at about 36,000 kilometres could relay radio signals to almost the whole inhabited world.

Working at the University of Leicester in 1984, Alec Jeffreys found that certain short sequences, the minisatellites or variable number tandem repeats, repeat a different number of times in different people, and that a pattern made from them identifies an individual.

Himadri was opened in 2008 at Ny-Alesund on the Svalbard archipelago, which belongs to Norway. Svalbard is governed by a treaty that allows the nationals of its parties to carry on research and economic activity there, which is what makes an international research village at Ny-Alesund possible.

The Large Hadron Collider occupies a circular tunnel about 27 kilometres around, lying roughly 100 metres below the ground on the Swiss-French border near Geneva, and it is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator ever built; the tunnel was originally dug for an earlier CERN machine, the Large Electron-Positron…

Antrix Corporation Limited was set up in 1992 at Bengaluru as a wholly government-owned company under the Department of Space, to market the products and services of the Indian space programme abroad, including launch services, satellite capacity and remote sensing data.

This is a glucose analogue in which fluorine-18 replaces a hydroxyl group.

The transactions in a block are hashed in pairs, the resulting hashes are hashed in pairs again, and the process repeats until a single hash remains; that hash is the Merkle root, named after Ralph Merkle, and it is stored in the block header.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device, not an engine: hydrogen fed to the anode is split into protons and electrons, the protons cross a membrane, the electrons travel through the external circuit and do work, and at the cathode they recombine with oxygen from the air to form water.

At that point the gravitational pulls of the Sun and the Earth combine with the orbital motion so that a spacecraft keeps station with the Earth, and from there the Sun can be watched continuously without any eclipse or occultation.

The two scientists showed that the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 system could be directed by a designed guide RNA to cut any chosen sequence of DNA, which turned a microbial defence mechanism into a general tool for editing genomes, and they shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020.

The European Organization for Nuclear Research, founded in 1954, has its campus at Meyrin on the outskirts of Geneva in Switzerland, and because its tunnels run under the border, parts of the laboratory lie in France as well.

Because the rotor carries permanent magnets instead of windings that must be energised, the motor is compact, light and highly efficient over a wide range of speeds, and it gives the strong torque from rest that makes electric cars quick off the mark.

Cas9 is an enzyme that breaks the sugar-phosphate backbone of both DNA strands at the point where its guide RNA has bound, provided a short adjacent signal called the PAM is present.