Computer Awareness Mixed Quiz: Set 8

The correct answer is A, Ctrl + J. Justified alignment stretches the spaces between the words of every full line so that the text touches both the left and the right margin and the paragraph looks like a rectangle. It is the alignment used in newspapers and in printed books, and the same command is available in the Paragraph group of the Home tab.

Option B, Ctrl + E, centres the paragraph, placing each line in the middle of the line width and leaving both margins ragged. Option C, Ctrl + L, aligns the paragraph to the left margin, which is the setting a new paragraph starts with. Option D, Ctrl + R, aligns the paragraph to the right margin, the alignment normally used for a date or an address block. Only justification straightens both margins at once.

The correct answer is D, the operating system will return an error indicating that the directory is not empty. The plain remove-directory command is built to delete an empty folder only. In Windows it is rmdir, also written rd, and in Linux it is rmdir; both stop with a message such as "The directory is not empty" when anything is still inside. To remove a folder along with everything in it you have to ask for it: rmdir /s in Windows or rm -r in Linux, which walks through the tree, deletes the contents and then the folder. This guard exists so that a single short command cannot wipe out a large tree by mistake. Option A is wrong because nothing inside is touched without the recursive switch. Option B is wrong because a file system cannot leave files with no parent folder; the entries go together or not at all. Option C is wrong because the plain command does not ask item by item, which is what an interactive option like rm -i does. Exam tip: rmdir empties only, rm -r for the whole tree.

The correct answer is C, Text. LEN returns the number of characters in an entry, counting letters, digits, punctuation and spaces alike, so =LEN("Excel") gives 5. Because it works on text rather than on values, Excel files it under the Text category of the Formulas tab, along with LEFT, RIGHT, MID, UPPER, LOWER, TRIM and CONCATENATE.

Option A, Financial, holds the money functions such as PMT, RATE, NPV and FV, which work out instalments, interest rates and present values. Option B, Logical, holds IF, AND, OR, NOT and IFERROR, the functions that test a condition and return one result or another. Option D, Math and Trig, holds SUM, ROUND, ABS, SQRT, POWER and MOD, which calculate on numbers. LEN does return a number, and that is the trap that pulls candidates towards D, but a function is classified by what it works on, and LEN works on text.

The correct answer is B, Drupal. Drupal is a content management system, a free program used to build and run websites; it keeps its pages in a database but is not itself a database management system. A DBMS is the software layer that creates, stores, queries and secures data, and the other three names are all DBMS products. Option A, Oracle, is the commercial relational database widely used by banks and large businesses. Option C, MySQL, is the open source relational database that a large share of the web runs on; Drupal and WordPress in fact store their content in a MySQL database, which shows the difference between the two kinds of software. Option D, MS Access, is the small desktop database that ships with Microsoft Office and keeps tables, queries, forms and reports in a single file. Exam tip: Oracle, MySQL, MS Access, SQL Server and PostgreSQL are database managers; Drupal, Joomla and WordPress are content management systems.

The correct answer is D, Internet of Thing. The Internet of Things means giving everyday objects — machines, sensors, meters, shelves, vehicles — an address on the internet so that they can report what they sense and be controlled from a distance. Connecting a physical store's shelves, cameras and counters in this way gives the shopkeeper the same live data on stock and customer behaviour that an online seller reads from its website, which is exactly the facility the question describes. Option A, artificial intelligence, is the wider field of making machines reason, decide and recognise patterns; it may use the data these sensors send, but it is not the act of connecting them. Option C, machine learning, is a branch of that field in which a program improves from data instead of being programmed rule by rule. Option B, deep learning, is a further branch of machine learning built on multi-layer neural networks. Exam tip: IoT gathers the data, AI and machine learning make sense of it.

The correct answer is A, Title bar. The title bar is the strip along the very top of the Excel window, and it carries the name of the open workbook followed by the name of the program, for example Book1 - Excel. The minimise, maximise and close buttons sit at its right end, and the Quick Access Toolbar at its left.

Option B, the tool bar, holds command buttons rather than names; in Excel 2007 and later it survives only as the small Quick Access Toolbar. Option C, the task bar, belongs to the Windows operating system and not to Excel; it runs along the bottom of the screen and shows the Start button and the programs that are open. Option D, the menu bar, was the row of word menus of Excel 2003 and earlier, replaced by the ribbon from Excel 2007; it listed commands such as File and Edit, never the file name. The cell address, by contrast, is shown in the Name Box beside the formula bar.

The correct answer is B, F7. Pressing F7 opens the spelling and grammar checker, which moves through the document word by word, marks a word it does not find in its dictionary and offers a list of suggestions, with the choice of ignoring the word once, ignoring it everywhere or adding it to the dictionary. The same command sits in the Proofing group of the Review tab, and Shift+F7 opens the thesaurus instead.

Option A, F5, opens the Find and Replace dialog box at its Go To tab, which jumps to a page, section or line number. Option C, F9, updates a selected field, such as a page number or a table of contents entry. Option D, F12, opens the Save As dialog box, where the file name, the folder and the file format are chosen before saving.

The correct answer is D, Java. Java is an object-oriented programming language, so it is the right pick for Preet. It was created by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995; every piece of code sits inside a class, and the language is built on the four pillars of object orientation — encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction. Java source is compiled into bytecode that any Java Virtual Machine can run, which is why it is described as write once, run anywhere. Option B is wrong because Pascal, written by Niklaus Wirth in 1970 for teaching, is a structured procedural language; only the later Object Pascal added classes. Option A is wrong for the same reason, since it offers Pascal as an equal choice. Option C is wrong because BASIC, made by Kemeny and Kurtz in 1964, is a simple procedural language for beginners. Exam tip: C++, Java, Python, C# and Smalltalk are object-oriented, while C, Pascal, FORTRAN, COBOL and BASIC are procedural.

The correct answer is C, Microsoft Excel. An electronic spreadsheet stores data in a grid of rows and columns and recalculates its formulas whenever a value changes, and Excel is the spreadsheet program of the Microsoft Office suite. Its files carry the .xlsx extension from Excel 2007 onwards.

Option A, Microsoft Word, is a word processor, used to type, edit and format text documents that are saved with the .docx extension. Option B, Microsoft PowerPoint, is presentation software, used to build slides for a talk and saved with the .pptx extension. Option D, Microsoft Access, is the database management program of the suite; it also shows tables in a grid, which makes it the strongest distractor, but a database stores records in related tables and is queried, while a spreadsheet calculates cell by cell. Remember the pairing of the four programs with their jobs and this whole family of questions becomes easy.

The correct answer is B, Platform as a Service. Cloud computing is sold in three service models, and PaaS is the middle one. A PaaS provider hands the developer a ready platform — the operating system, a runtime, a database, libraries and build tools — so an application can be written and deployed without buying or managing any hardware or patching an operating system. Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service, Red Hat OpenShift and Heroku are examples. Below it, IaaS supplies raw computing power and storage, such as Amazon EC2, and the user still installs the software. Above it, SaaS delivers finished software over the browser, such as Gmail or Google Docs. The three main deployment models are public, private and hybrid cloud. Options A, C and D are wrong because Payment as a Service, Performance as a Service and Protocol as a Service are not cloud service models. Exam tip: IaaS gives the machine, PaaS the platform, SaaS the finished software.

The correct answer is A, Ctrl + Enter. A page break ends the current page at the position of the cursor and pushes everything after it to the top of the next page, so that a new chapter or a new heading always begins on a fresh page even if the matter above it is later edited. The same command is available as Page Break in the Pages group of the Insert tab and in the Breaks list of the Layout tab.

Option B, Shift + Enter, inserts a line break, which starts a new line inside the same paragraph and keeps the paragraph formatting unbroken. Option C, Alt + Enter, repeats the last action in Word and is not a break at all. Option D, Ctrl + Shift + P, opens the Font dialog box with the font size box selected, so it changes size and does not break a page.

The correct answer is D, Ministry of Education. The National Digital Library of India is a single window that brings together lakhs of learning resources, from school books to research papers, and lets a student search them free of cost in many Indian languages. It is developed by IIT Kharagpur under the National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology, a mission of the Ministry of Education; the ministry was called the Ministry of Human Resource Development when the library was launched and was renamed in 2020. Option A is wrong because the Ministry of Finance handles the budget, taxes and public spending, not education platforms. Option B is wrong because India has no ministry of that name; Science and Technology is a separate ministry of its own. Option C is wrong because the electronics and information technology ministry runs Digital India, e-governance services and BharatNet, but not this library. Exam tip: National Digital Library of India means IIT Kharagpur, the NMEICT mission and the Ministry of Education.

The correct answer is D, Ctrl + F2. Ctrl together with F2 opens the print area of the Backstage view in Excel, Word and PowerPoint, where the page is shown exactly as it will be printed and the printer, copies, orientation and margins can be set. In Office 2003 and earlier the same combination opened the older Print Preview window.

Option A, Alt + Ctrl + F2, opens a file rather than previewing one, working like Ctrl + O. Option B, Alt + F2, was the Save As shortcut of very old Office versions and does nothing useful today; the modern Save As key is F12. Option C, Shift + F2, adds or edits a comment on the active cell in Excel, which is a completely different job. Learning the F2 family together helps: F2 alone edits the active cell, Shift + F2 handles a comment, Ctrl + F2 previews the print, and Alt + equals inserts a SUM.

The correct answer is D, Both I and II. The Post Office Protocol, best known in its third version POP3, lets a mail client download messages from a mail server, and it works in two modes. In the delete mode the message is removed from the server once it has been downloaded, which suits a person who always reads mail on the same computer. In the keep mode a copy stays on the server after downloading, so the same mail can be read again from another device. POP3 uses port 110, or port 995 when secured with SSL. Option A is wrong because both modes do exist in POP. Option B is wrong because keep mode is not the only one; delete mode is the default in many clients. Option C is wrong because delete mode is not the only one either. Exam tip: POP3 downloads mail and offers delete and keep modes, IMAP keeps mail on the server and syncs it across devices, and SMTP is the protocol that sends mail.

The correct answer is C, References. The Table of Contents command is the first group of the References tab. Word builds the list automatically from the text to which heading styles such as Heading 1 and Heading 2 have been applied, and the entries and page numbers are refreshed with the Update Table button whenever the document changes.

Option A, the Insert tab, adds objects into the document, pictures, shapes, charts, tables, headers, footers and symbols, but not the contents list. Option B, the Design tab, controls the look of the whole document through themes, page colour, page borders and a watermark. Option D, the View tab, only changes how the document is displayed on screen, offering Read Mode, Print Layout, Web Layout, Outline and Draft views along with the ruler, zoom and split window.

The correct answer is A, 32. An IPv4 address, which is what the question means by an IP address, is thirty-two bits long. It is written in dotted-decimal form as four numbers separated by full stops, and each number stands for eight bits, or one octet, so it can run only from 0 to 255 — for example 192.168.1.1. Thirty-two bits give about 4.3 billion possible addresses, and because these began to run out, IPv6 was designed with 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal. Every IPv4 address has a network part and a host part, separated by the subnet mask, and the addresses fall in classes A to E. Option B is wrong because 24 bits is the length of the manufacturer's OUI prefix in a MAC address. Option C is wrong because 16 bits is the size of a port number. Option D is wrong because 12 bits is not the length of any address. Exam tip: IPv4 is 32 bits, a MAC address 48 bits and IPv6 128 bits.

The correct answer is B, .xlsx. From Excel 2007 onwards the suite moved to the Office Open XML formats, and a plain workbook saves with the .xlsx extension. The x at the end stands for XML, the format in which the sheet contents are stored inside a compressed package, which is why these files are smaller and less prone to corruption than the older ones.

Option A, .xls, was the default extension of Excel 97 through Excel 2003; a 2016 workbook takes it only if the user deliberately saves in the Excel 97-2003 format. Option C, .xlsm, is the macro enabled workbook, used when the file has to carry VBA code, because a plain .xlsx refuses to store macros. Option D, .xltx, is an Excel template, a pattern file from which new workbooks are created rather than a workbook itself; the macro enabled template is .xltm. The exam expects .xlsx whenever the question names Excel 2007 or any later version.

The correct answer is B, Word 2007. The ribbon, a strip of tabs each divided into groups of related commands, was introduced across Microsoft Office in the 2007 release and took the place of the drop down menu bar and the floating toolbars used until then. Word 2007 also brought in the round Office Button at the top left corner and the new .docx file format.

Option A, Word 2003, is the last version that used the old menu bar with File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window and Help, and the standard and formatting toolbars. Option C, Word 2010, kept the ribbon but replaced the Office Button with the File tab and its Backstage view. Option D, Word 2013, added Read Mode and a Design tab, but the ribbon itself was already six years old by then.

The correct answer is C, 1,048,576. From Excel 2007 the grid of one worksheet was enlarged to 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns, so the very last cell of the sheet is XFD1048576. The figure is a power of two, two raised to the twentieth, which is why it looks so odd at first sight and is easy to recall once noticed.

Option A, 65,536, is the number of rows in Excel 2003 and earlier, and it is the answer only when the question names one of those old versions. Option B, 16,384, is the number of columns in Excel 2007 and later, not the number of rows, and swapping the two is the commonest mistake in this question. Option D, 2,097,152, is simply double the correct figure and has no place in Excel at all. Fix the pair in memory as rows just over ten lakh and columns just over sixteen thousand.

The correct answer is A, Thesaurus. With the cursor on a word, Shift + F7 opens the thesaurus pane, which lists synonyms and, for many words, antonyms, and lets the chosen word be inserted in place of the original. It is grouped with the spelling checker in the Proofing group of the Review tab, where F7 alone starts the spelling and grammar check.

Option B, word count, is shown on the status bar and opened from the Review tab; its shortcut is Ctrl + Shift + G. Option C, print preview, now appears beside the print settings in the Backstage view and is reached with Ctrl + P. Option D, track changes, which records every insertion and deletion for a reviewer, is switched on with Ctrl + Shift + E. None of these three is tied to Shift + F7.