Indian Polity Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 27

The four bodies were set up in 1950, 1950, 1951 and 2004 in that order. The Election Commission was established on 25 January 1950, a day before the Constitution came into force, under Article 324.

The Eleventh Schedule lists 29 subjects on which the state legislature may give powers and responsibilities to the Panchayats. The Eleventh Schedule was added by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, along with Part IX on Panchayats.

Article 243K(4) says that, subject to the Constitution, the Legislature of a State may by law make provision for all matters relating to elections to the Panchayats.

Under Article 131 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court alone can hear disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States, and such a case starts directly in the Supreme Court.

In his closing speech to the Constituent Assembly on 25 November 1949, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar warned that on 26 January 1950 India was going to enter into a life of contradictions.

Defending President's Rule in the Constituent Assembly, Ambedkar said he hoped such Articles would never be called into operation and would remain a 'dead letter', used only as a last resort.

Citizenship is dealt with in Part II of the Constitution, Articles 5 to 11, and any citizenship law, including the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, falls under it.

Sir Benegal Narsing Rau was appointed Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent Assembly and prepared its first draft of the Constitution in October 1947.

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, added the words Socialist, Secular and Integrity to the Preamble. Passed during the Emergency under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, the 42nd Amendment is often called the "mini-Constitution" because it changed so many provisions.

The Election Commission of India sorts political parties into three categories under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968: National Parties, State Parties (recognised in particular states) and Registered Unrecognised Parties.

This is part of the very definition of a parliamentary committee: it is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the presiding officer, works under the presiding officer's direction, reports to the House, and has a secretariat provided by the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha secretariat.

Article 20(2) says no person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once, which is the protection against double jeopardy.

The 86th Amendment of 2002 added this as the eleventh fundamental duty, clause (k) of Article 51A, placing it on parents and guardians.

Protective democracy does not hold that active citizen participation is essential; it values democracy only as a shield that lets citizens protect themselves from those who govern them.

Under Article 243D, seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in every Panchayat are reserved in proportion to their share of the population of that Panchayat area, so the statement that reservation has nothing to do with population is wrong.

Article 176 of the Constitution requires the Governor to give this special address on these two occasions. In the address the Governor tells the legislature why it has been summoned and sets out the policies and programme of the state government, whose council of ministers actually prepares the text.

Secularism concerns the relation between the State and religion, and being democratic is not part of its definition. A secular State is not run by a religious order, keeps religious institutions and State institutions apart, and does not favour or persecute any religion.

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) works under the Ministry of Home Affairs, which is the nodal ministry for disaster management in India.

. Under MPLADS an MP only recommends works; the district authority sanctions, executes and completes them.

Article 40, a Directive Principle in Part IV, asks the State to organise village panchayats and to give them the powers and authority needed to function as units of self-government; it is the parent provision behind the Seventy-third Constitutional Amendment.