Indian Polity GK Questions with Answers – Page 19

It empowers the President to appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes, the difficulties they face and the steps that should be taken to remove them, and both the Kalelkar Commission of 1953 and the Mandal Commission of 1979 were appointed under it.

The first Backward Classes Commission was appointed in 1953 under Article 340 with Kaka Saheb Kalelkar as its chairman, and it submitted its report in 1955; the report was not acted upon because its criteria for identifying backwardness were considered vague.

The Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018 inserted Article 338B, which makes the National Commission for Backward Classes a constitutional body with the duty to investigate and monitor the safeguards provided to the socially and educationally backward classes; the same amendment added Article 342A for the central list…

It amended Article 16(4A) so that a government servant of the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes promoted under the reservation also keeps the seniority of the promoted post, which is called consequential seniority, and the change was given effect from 1995.

It was passed after the Supreme Court in State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan struck down a communal order reserving seats in colleges, holding that it offended Article 15(1); Parliament answered by adding clause (4) to Article 15, which permits special provision for the advancement of socially and educationally backward…

The nine-judge bench in Indra Sawhney upheld the twenty-seven per cent quota for the Other Backward Classes but held that the socially advanced members of those classes, described as the creamy layer, must be excluded so that the benefit reaches the genuinely backward; the same judgment laid down the fifty…

The 103rd Amendment Act of 2019 added clause (6) to Article 15 for reservation in admission to educational institutions and clause (6) to Article 16 for reservation in appointments, in each case up to ten per cent for the economically weaker sections of citizens who are not covered by the…

It says that nothing in Article 16 shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.

The Second Backward Classes Commission was appointed in 1979 under Article 340 of the Constitution, which empowers the President to appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.

The Lok Sabha Ethics Committee began as an ad hoc body and does not take up matters pending in court, but complaints can come from people other than members.

To contest a Lok Sabha seat, a person must be a citizen and an elector, but the name can be on the roll of any constituency in the country.

Under President's Rule, Article 356(1)(b) lets the President declare that the powers of the State Legislature shall be exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament.

The Governor's address is a constitutional duty, not a custom, and a State Legislature is not bound to borrow Lok Sabha rules.

The Supreme Court held that privacy is an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed by Article 21.

All four are among the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule. The Eighth Schedule began with 14 languages in 1950, Urdu among them.

Justice M. P. Thakkar's commission inquired into the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984; it had nothing to do with Governors.

Only three joint sittings have been held since 1950, and they were on exactly these three bills.

Dissolution ends the membership of every member, but Article 94 keeps the Speaker in office until just before the new House first meets.

In June 2004 he served as pro-tem Speaker of the 14th Lok Sabha and was then elected Speaker unanimously, the first pro-tem Speaker to become Speaker in this way.

Article 170 of the Constitution says a State Legislative Assembly shall have not more than 500 and not less than 60 members chosen by direct election.