Geography Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 47

Hajipur in Bihar is the headquarters of the East Central Railway zone, which began working in 2002. Indian Railways is divided into zones, each with its own headquarters and divisions.

Decomposition breaks rocks down at the surface and is a process of weathering, whereas metamorphism changes rocks deep inside the crust through heat, pressure and chemically active solutions.

The star-shaped lake at the heart of the Kodaikanal hill station in the Palani Hills was made by people, not by nature.

Replacement level fertility is the total fertility rate at which a generation of women exactly replaces itself in the next generation.

Nimbostratus is a thick, dark grey layer cloud that covers the whole sky and gives steady, continuous rain or snow, often for many hours.

Collision-coalescence is the way rain forms in warm clouds, whose tops stay below the level where water freezes. In such clouds all droplets are liquid.

Nagaland was the only Indian state whose population fell between 2001 and 2011; its decadal growth rate in Census 2011 was about −0.6 per cent.

Majuli lies in the Brahmaputra in Assam, formed between the main channel of the Brahmaputra to the south and the Subansiri and Kherkutia Suti channels to the north.

The 2011 Census found that about 49% of Indian households used firewood as their main fuel for cooking, which rounds to half.

Adiabatic temperature changes in the atmosphere are caused by the expansion and compression of air, with no heat added or removed.

Punjab has the highest share of Scheduled Castes in its population among the States, about 31.9 per cent in Census 2011.

Conservation agriculture rests on three principles: minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and crop diversification through rotations.

Tamil Nadu's decadal growth rose from about 11.7 per cent in 1991–2001 to about 15.6 per cent in 2001–2011, while the other three states slowed down.

The magnetic field has flipped many times and life changed the early air, but the young Earth had almost no free oxygen.

Census 2011 put their densities at about 17, 52, 86 and 123 persons per square kilometre, in that order. Arunachal Pradesh, with steep, forested mountains and a small population spread over a large area, has the lowest population density of any Indian state at 17 persons per sq km.

The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is the driest non-polar desert on Earth; some of its weather stations have recorded almost no rain for years.

The doldrums are the calm equatorial low-pressure belt, and the chinook is a warm, dry winter wind that raises temperatures quickly.

The Roaring Forties are strong westerly winds of the Southern Hemisphere, but statement 2 is wrong on two counts: they blow from west to east, and they are strong because there is very little land to slow them down.

Both statements are true, but the direction in which the Earth spins does not explain why tides occur. Tides are caused mainly by the Moon's pull, with the Sun adding a smaller pull; the Moon's tide-raising force is roughly twice the Sun's because it is so much closer.

Aleppo is in Syria and Mazar-i-Sharif is in Afghanistan; Kirkuk and Mosul are both in Iraq. Aleppo, in north-western Syria, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, and its old city with the citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.