UPSC GK Questions 2026

It is headed by a sitting or retired judge of the Supreme Court, hears complaints above the pecuniary limit prescribed for the State Commissions, and also hears appeals from them.

The CCPA is a regulator created by that Act to protect the interests of consumers as a class, and not merely to decide an individual complaint.

The new Act widened the definition of a consumer to cover online, teleshopping and multi-level marketing purchases, created the Central Consumer Protection Authority, introduced product liability and rules for electronic commerce, allowed mediation and e-filing, and renamed the three redressal bodies as Commissions.

The Competition Act, 2002 rests on three pillars, and freedom of trade is the very thing it protects, so no provision of it prohibits trade; on the contrary, the Act opens by stating that it seeks to ensure freedom of trade carried on by other participants in markets in India.

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 created a three-tier machinery and fixed a money limit for each tier: the district forum could hear a complaint where the value of the goods or services and the compensation claimed did not exceed twenty lakh rupees, the state commission took claims above that limit…

Debris falling from the valley sides collects along each edge of a glacier as a lateral moraine; where a tributary glacier joins the trunk glacier, the inner lateral moraine of each merges into a single dark stripe of rock waste that runs down the middle of the combined ice, and…

A glacier moving to the coast deepens its valley below the level of the sea; when the ice melts, salt water enters the deep U-shaped trough and leaves a long, narrow, steep-sided inlet, the fjord, of which the coasts of Norway, Chile, Greenland and New Zealand give the best examples.

Bara Shigri descends from the Pir Panjal and Great Himalayan slopes into the valley of the Chandra river, which joins the Bhaga at Tandi to form the Chandrabhaga or Chenab.

The Zemu glacier lies in North Sikkim at the eastern base of Kangchenjunga, the highest peak in India, and its meltwater reaches the Teesta river.

A glacier fills the whole floor of a valley and erodes its sides as well as its bed, so it widens and deepens the valley into a trough with a broad flat floor and steep straight walls, which in section looks like the letter U. Option A is wrong because…

A drumlin is a smooth oval mound of till, the unsorted debris left by ice, shaped like an inverted spoon with its steeper end facing the direction from which the glacier came; a group of drumlins produces what is called basket-of-eggs topography.

A cirque, also called a corrie, is the armchair-shaped hollow that a glacier scoops at the head of its valley by plucking and abrasion; when the ice melts, water collects in the rock basin and the small round lake so formed is a tarn.

The Pamir knot is the node where the Himalaya, the Karakoram, the Hindu Kush, the Kunlun and the Tian Shan ranges meet, and the Fedchenko glacier, running for roughly seventy-seven kilometres, is the longest glacier found anywhere outside the Arctic and the Antarctic.

Antarctica holds the greater part of the ice of the earth, so its outlet glaciers dwarf those of other continents.

The Gangotri glacier ends in a snout shaped like the mouth of a cow, which gives it the name Gaumukh, and the stream that issues from it is the Bhagirathi.

Its meltwater feeds the Nubra river, a tributary of the Shyok, which joins the Indus.

Cobalt-60 is an artificial radioisotope that emits penetrating gamma rays and has a half-life of about 5.27 years, which makes it a convenient and long-lasting source for irradiation plants.

Iodine forms a deep blue-black complex with the long coiled chains of amylose in starch, and this colour change is the standard classroom and field test for starch.

Codex Alimentarius is Latin for food code, and the Commission of that name draws up model standards, codes of practice, and limits for additives, contaminants and pesticide residues, which member countries use when writing their own food law and which serve as the reference in international food trade.

That Act consolidated several scattered food laws, the most important of them the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act of 1954, into a single statute and created one authority to lay down science-based standards for food, regulate its manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import, and licence food businesses; its headquarters is…