UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

Bada Dev, also called Budha Dev, is the chief deity of the Gonds and is worshipped in the saja tree; the Pardhan bards sing his deeds to the three stringed bana, and these songs are the source from which Gond painting drew its subjects.

Mandana is made by women of the Malwa and Nimar region, who coat the floor or the lower wall with red geru and then draw geometric figures, flowers, peacocks and lamps on it with white chui mitti.

These three are notified as particularly vulnerable tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh, a category earlier called primitive tribal groups and defined by a pre-agricultural level of technology, very low literacy, a small and stagnant population and a forest based life.

Bhuri Bai of Pitol village in Jhabua district is a Bhil artist who began as a wage worker at the Bharat Bhavan site, was encouraged to paint on paper by Jagdish Swaminathan and became the first Bhil artist to carry Pithora forms on to paper and canvas.

Bharat Bhavan opened at Bhopal in 1982 in a building designed by the architect Charles Correa, and its art gallery Roopankar, shaped by the painter Jagdish Swaminathan, placed the work of village and tribal artists beside modern Indian painting.

Pithora is the ritual wall painting of the Bhil and Bhilala people of Jhabua, Alirajpur and Dhar in the west of the state.

Patangarh, the village of Jangarh Singh Shyam and of many Gond painters after him, lies in Dindori district in the eastern, forested part of the state, in the Gond country that also covers Mandla.

A Pardhan Gond of Patangarh village in Dindori district, he was brought to Bhopal in the early nineteen eighties for Roopankar, the gallery of Bharat Bhavan, and turned the Digna wall patterns and the songs of Bada Dev into paintings on paper and canvas.

Bajra, the pearl millet of the dry south western districts, is the grain of the traditional Haryanvi kitchen: the daily roti is made of bajra or of wheat, bajra khichdi and bajra aloo roti are standard dishes, and bajra rabri is drunk in the hot months.

During the nine nights of Navratri the unmarried girls of a Haryanvi household shape Sanjhi, a figure of the goddess, in clay and cow dung on the wall of the courtyard or the entrance, decorate her with mirrors, bangles and colour, sing to her every evening and at the end…

Gugga Naumi, also written Gugga Naumi or Gugga Navami, falls in Bhadrapad and honours Gugga Pir, revered as the lord of snakes and protector against snake bite.

Alsi ki pinni is made by roasting ground flaxseed, which is alsi, with wheat flour, ghee and jaggery or sugar and shaping it into balls; it is eaten in the cold months because it is held to give warmth and strength.

Hansli is the heavy silver neck ring of the Haryanvi woman, worn with the kanthi, the galsari and the hamel, and it is still described in folk songs and in Saang performances as the mark of a bride.

Panipat is the textile town of Haryana and the best known centre for the khes, the thick double woven cotton wrap used as a shawl and a bedcover, as well as for the panja durrie woven on the pit loom and for a large trade in furnishings.

Ghevar, the disc of fried batter soaked in syrup, is the sweet of the Hariyali Teej of Sawan, when swings are hung from the trees, a married daughter receives new clothes and sweets from her parents, and the women of the household sing Teej songs.

Bhaat is the gift of clothes, ornaments, cash and sweets that the mama brings at the marriage of his sister's son or daughter, and the ceremony of bringing it, bhaat bharna, is an event of its own, in which the family of the maternal uncle is received and honoured by…

Karewa, also called chadar dalna or chadar andazi from the sheet placed over the woman as the token of the new marriage, was practised widely in rural Haryana and is recorded in the colonial settlement reports of the region.

Pajeb is the anklet of the Haryanvi woman, worn with the kade on the ankles and the bichhua on the toes, and it was traditionally made of silver rather than gold because silver was within reach of a farming household.

The traditional dress of a Haryanvi woman is made of three pieces: the daaman, a long gathered skirt, the kurti or angi, a short upper garment, and the chunder or odhni, the long veil drawn over the head and shoulder.

Reshma-Chuharmal is sung and staged in the Magahi speaking tract south of the Ganga, around Patna, Nalanda and Mokama.