With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements : 1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention. 2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. 3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

The correct answer is D, 1, 2 and 3. All three statements repeat the words of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, adopted in 1982 and in force since 1994. Article 3 lets every state fix the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles from the baselines, so statement 1 is correct. Article 17 gives ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, meaning passage that is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state, so statement 2 is correct. Article 57 says the Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines, and within it the coastal state has sovereign rights over fishing, oil, gas and other resources, so statement 3 is correct. Option A is wrong because it leaves out statement 3. Option B is wrong because it leaves out statement 1. Option C is wrong because it leaves out statement 2. Exam tip: UNCLOS 1982, territorial sea 12, contiguous zone 24, EEZ 200 nautical miles.