Which Greek philosopher coined the term "Geography" in the 3rd century B.C.E. ?

The correct answer is C, Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes of Cyrene first used the word "geographia", from the Greek "geo" (earth) and "graphe" (description), so geography means a description of the Earth. He was the chief librarian of the great Library of Alexandria in Egypt in the third century BCE. He is also famous for measuring the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy, by comparing the angle of the Sun's rays at noon at Syene (Aswan) and at Alexandria. For coining the term and for this work he is often called the father of geography. Option A is wrong because Euclid, who also worked in Alexandria, was a mathematician known as the father of geometry for his Elements. Option B is wrong because Plato was a philosopher of Athens, teacher of Aristotle and author of The Republic. Option D is wrong because Clio was not a philosopher at all but the Muse of history in Greek mythology. Exam tip: Eratosthenes = term "geography" and first measurement of Earth's circumference; Euclid = geometry; Herodotus = father of history.