Which Amendment Act of the Constitution of India requires a State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities as a Directive Principle of State Policy?
- A.47th
- B.42nd
- C.44th
- D.52nd
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is 44th. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 added clause (2) to Article 38, which asks the State in particular to strive to minimise inequalities in income, and to endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only among individuals but also among groups of people living in different areas or engaged in different vocations. Clause (1) of Article 38, on securing a social order based on social, economic and political justice, was there from the beginning.
The 42nd Amendment is the tempting wrong answer, because it added several Directive Principles (Articles 39A, 43A and 48A), but not this one. The 52nd Amendment (1985) brought in the anti-defection law through the Tenth Schedule, and the 47th Amendment (1984) added more land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule. Remember the 44th Amendment as the one that undid much of the 42nd: it also removed the right to property and protected Articles 20 and 21 during an emergency.
Read the full article: Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36–51): Notes and PYQs
Practice Questions
View allWhich of the following are enumerated in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, from Articles 36 to 51?
- A.Fundamental Rights
- B.Fundamental Duties
- C.Directive Principles of State Policy
- D.the Union
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Part IV of the Constitution, Articles 36 to 51, contains the Directive Principles: the goals the State should pursue in making laws and policies, such as a living wage, free legal aid, village panchayats and a Uniform Civil Code.
Read the full explanation →Which Article of the Indian Constitution states the following? ‘Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these principles in making laws.’
- A.Article 40
- B.Article 30
- C.Article 35
- D.Article 37
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It says two things at once: the provisions of Part IV "shall not be enforceable by any court", but the principles laid down in it are "nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws".
Read the full explanation →Equal pay for equal work is ensured under which Article?
- A.Article 39(d)
- B.Article 43
- C.Article 42
- D.Article 39(a)
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Article 39 lists several principles the State should direct its policy towards, and clause (d) asks it to secure equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
Read the full explanation →Which of the following articles promotes equal justice and free legal aid for all the citizens?
- A.39A
- B.43A
- C.48A
- D.32A
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Article 39A asks the State to ensure that the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity, and in particular to provide free legal aid, so that no citizen is denied justice because of economic or other disabilities.
Read the full explanation →Article 40 of the Indian constitution is related with ___________
- A.Organization of village panchayats
- B.Free and compulsory education
- C.Free housing to the poor
- D.Free medical aid to the citizen
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Article 40 asks the State to take steps to organise village panchayats and to give them the powers and authority they need to function as units of self-government.
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