The President may resign from his office by writing under his hand addressed to the:

The correct answer is the Vice President. Article 56(1)(a) says the President may resign by writing under his or her hand addressed to the Vice-President. The Vice-President must then communicate the resignation to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha without delay. In the same way, the Vice-President resigns by writing to the President. Article 56 also provides that a President whose five-year term has ended continues in office until the successor takes over, so the office is never left empty merely because a term expires.

The Prime Minister, who heads the government, is appointed by the President and so cannot receive the President's resignation. The Chief Election Commissioner conducts the election of the President but has no role in a resignation, and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha only receives information about it from the Vice-President. Resignation questions come in sets, so learn the pairs together: the President writes to the Vice-President, the Vice-President to the President, the Prime Minister and a Governor to the President, and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha to the Deputy Speaker.