Indian Polity GK Questions with Answers – Page 9

The Election Commission of India began issuing Electors Photo Identity Cards in 1993 to stop impersonation and bogus voting at polling booths.

Panchayati Raj Institutions are bodies of rural local self-government, through which villagers manage their own local affairs. Article 40, a Directive Principle, asks the State to organise village panchayats and give them the powers needed to function as units of self-government.

The general election held in April and May 2019 elected the 17th Lok Sabha, which first met in June 2019.

Manipur has been placed under President's Rule more often than any other state, more than ten times since 1967.

All three are grounds listed in Article 19(2) on which the State may place reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression.

It was set up in 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990, so it is a statutory body, not a constitutional one.

Article 13(1) makes a pre-Constitution law void only to the extent of its inconsistency with the Fundamental Rights, so the Supreme Court in Bhikaji Narain Dhakras, 1955, held that such a law is not erased but merely eclipsed, staying unenforceable until the shadow is lifted, after which it revives.

An eleven judge bench held by six to five that Parliament cannot abridge Fundamental Rights by amendment, but the Court did not want to unsettle the land reform amendments already acted upon, so it declared that its ruling would operate only for the future.

A bench of thirteen judges held by a majority of seven to six that Parliament may amend any part of the Constitution under Article 368 but cannot destroy or damage its basic structure or essential features.

Clause (1) says that if a State law is repugnant to a law made by Parliament on a Concurrent subject, the parliamentary law prevails and the State law is void to the extent of the repugnancy.

That section barred a detained person from disclosing in court the grounds of his detention or the representation he had made against it.

The Bengal Money Lenders Act of 1940 limited the interest and the amount recoverable by money lenders, a provincial subject, but it also affected promissory notes, which belonged to the central list.

That clause says that no law made by Parliament shall be deemed invalid on the ground that it would have extra-territorial operation, and the courts have built on it the rule that a State law too may apply to an object or person outside the State if there is a…

The petitioner had settled his tax liability under a provision later found to violate Article 14, and it was argued that by agreeing to the settlement he had waived his right to equality.

The doctrine means that a legislature cannot do by an indirect route what the Constitution forbids it to do directly; if it has no competence over a subject, no clever drafting can give it that competence.

Article 246 read with the Seventh Schedule gives Parliament and the State Legislatures separate fields of law making, but subjects overlap in practice, so a court must find the true nature and character of the law, its pith and substance, and ignore incidental encroachment on the other list.

In that case a 1947 motor vehicles law of Central Provinces and Berar had become unenforceable because it clashed with the freedom of trade under Article 19(1)(g).

. Insurance is in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule, so the statement that it is not there is incorrect.

A new state is created, or a state's boundaries changed, by an ordinary law of Parliament under Article 3, passed by a simple majority.

This statement is wrong: the Benami law is enforced by the Income Tax Department, not the ED. The Directorate of Enforcement, set up in 1956, is a specialised financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance, with its headquarters in New Delhi.