Environment & Ecology Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 14

A primary pollutant is released directly from a source, while a secondary pollutant is formed in the atmosphere when primary pollutants react.

Each of the other three statements is correct on its own, which is exactly why the combined option is the answer.

The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere, roughly 15 to 35 km above the ground, with the thickest concentration near 20 to 25 km, and that belt is sometimes called the ozonosphere.

Space research is not one of the Sustainable Development Goals. The United Nations General Assembly adopted seventeen such goals in September 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 169 targets to be met by 2030; they replaced the Millennium Development Goals, which ran from 2000 to…

CFCs release chlorine in the stratosphere, and that chlorine destroys ozone. CFCs were used as refrigerants, in aerosol sprays and in foam.

The Stockholm Convention was adopted in 2001 and came into force in 2004.

Founded in 1948 and based in Switzerland, it maintains the Red List of Threatened Species, which grades species as least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild or extinct.

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, popularly called the Earth Summit, met at Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and adopted Agenda 21, a detailed non-binding programme of action for sustainable development.

Kanha Tiger Reserve lies in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh, in the Maikal hills at the eastern end of the Satpura range.

Polythene is a synthetic plastic that bacteria and fungi cannot break down, so it is non-biodegradable. A plastic bag can stay in soil or water for hundreds of years.

The Indian Forest Act of 1878 created the three classes of reserved, protected and village forests. British interest in Indian forests grew as the railways and shipbuilding needed huge amounts of timber.

Both treaties were made to save the ozone layer in the stratosphere, which screens out harmful ultraviolet rays. The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted in 1985 as a framework agreement.

A bioindicator is a living organism whose presence, absence or health tells us about the quality of the environment. Lichens are a partnership between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium; they have no roots and take water and nutrients straight from the air and rain.

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted at Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, was the first treaty to set binding targets for cutting emissions.

The plan for 2017-2031 is India's third National Wildlife Action Plan and the first to deal with the impact of climate change on wildlife, but it has five components, not ten.

The India Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project was launched by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 2010 with World Bank support.

Among the gases listed, carbon dioxide is present in by far the largest amount, about 0.04 per cent of the air, which is roughly two hundred times the amount of methane.

NPOP is run by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, not Rural Development, while the statements about APEDA and Sikkim are correct.

The Forest Rights Act defines critical wildlife habitat, and the Baigas were the first community to receive habitat rights, but the Environment Ministry does not grant those rights.

Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary, also called Pakke, lies in the East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh and is also a tiger reserve.