India Showcases Forest Restoration Work at COFO 28 in Rome
At the 28th session of the FAO Committee on Forestry in Rome, India said its forest and tree cover stands at 82.74 million hectares, or 25.17% of its area.

Why in News
On 28 September 2026 India delivered its statement at the 28th Session of the FAO Committee on Forestry in Rome, setting out its forest cover, carbon sink and restoration figures and its initiatives such as the Aravalli Green Wall, MISHTI and Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam.
India placed its record on forest and landscape restoration before the 28th Session of the FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO 28), which opened in Rome on 28 September 2026 and runs to 2 October. In its statement India welcomed the Food and Agriculture Organization's focus on forest and landscape restoration and argued that sustainable forest management offers an integrated way to work at the landscape level while respecting national circumstances and the needs of local communities.
The numbers India put on record
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Forest and tree cover | 82.74 million hectares |
| Share of geographical area | 25.17% |
| Global rank in forest area | 9th |
| Global rank in net annual forest area gain | 3rd |
| Ramsar Sites | 101 |
The ranks come from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025.
Carbon sink and the Bonn Challenge
India told the session that an additional carbon sink of 2.29 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent had been created by 2021, and that the country has raised its ambition to an additional sink of 3.5 to 4.0 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2035, measured against 2005 levels. Under the Bonn Challenge, India is committed to restoring 26 million hectares of degraded and deforested land by 2030; 21.76 million hectares have already been brought under restoration.
Landscape initiatives on show
Under the Aravalli Green Wall, roughly 6.45 million hectares of degraded land have been identified for restoration. Along the coast, the MISHTI initiative is restoring mangroves while strengthening climate resilience and supporting local livelihoods. India also presented Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam - Plant4Mother, described as a whole-of-government and whole-of-society effort under which more than 3.5 billion saplings have been planted.
What India asked of the world
The statement pressed the case that international cooperation must go past global pledges and support implementation led by the country itself, along with capacity development, technology transfer and outcomes that can be measured on the ground. India underlined the need for effective and sustainable financing for developing countries and urged the FAO to help them reach climate, biodiversity and blended finance and to build long-term restoration programmes.
Coherence and the proposed UN Decade
India sought closer alignment between the FAO's forestry work, the Global Forest Goals and other international forest processes, and called for stronger South-South and triangular cooperation to share knowledge and workable solutions. It also reaffirmed that it will work with the FAO and member states on shaping the proposed UN Decade for Afforestation and Reforestation in line with Sustainable Forest Management, 2027-2036.
Important Facts
| Event | COFO 28, the 28th Session of the FAO Committee on Forestry |
|---|---|
| Venue and dates | Rome, 28 September to 2 October 2026 |
| Forest and tree cover | 82.74 million hectares, 25.17% of geographical area |
| Global ranks | 9th in forest area, 3rd in net annual forest area gain |
| Source of ranks | FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 |
| Carbon sink created | 2.29 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2021 |
| Raised ambition | 3.5 to 4.0 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2035 over 2005 levels |
| Bonn Challenge | 26 million hectares by 2030; 21.76 million hectares already under restoration |
| Aravalli Green Wall | About 6.45 million hectares identified for restoration |
| Ramsar Sites in India | 101 |
| Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam | More than 3.5 billion saplings planted |
| Proposed UN Decade | Afforestation and Reforestation in line with Sustainable Forest Management, 2027-2036 |
Exam Point of View
Remember that COFO 28 is the 28th session of the FAO Committee on Forestry held at Rome from 28 September to 2 October 2026, the forest and tree cover of 82.74 million hectares or 25.17% of area, the ranks of 9th and 3rd from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, the carbon sink figures, the Bonn Challenge numbers, 101 Ramsar Sites and the proposed UN Decade for 2027-2036.
Practice Questions
India's forest and tree cover, as stated at COFO 28 in Rome, is:
- A.72.74 million hectares, 21.17% of geographical area
- B.82.74 million hectares, 25.17% of geographical area
- C.92.74 million hectares, 28.17% of geographical area
- D.80.24 million hectares, 24.50% of geographical area
Show answer
Correct answer: B. 82.74 million hectares, 25.17% of geographical area
Explanation
The correct answer is 82.74 million hectares, 25.17% of geographical area. India gave this pair of figures in its statement at the 28th session of the FAO Committee on Forestry in Rome, while describing the steady growth of its forest resources. The same statement noted that the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 places India 9th in the world in forest area and 3rd in net annual forest area gain, so the cover figure and the two ranks are usually asked together. Options A, C and D carry area and percentage values that were not stated; a candidate who remembers only one of the two numbers can still eliminate them, since both parts of the correct option must match. India also reported 101 Ramsar Sites and set out its restoration work under the Bonn Challenge at the same session.
Under the Bonn Challenge, how much degraded and deforested land has India committed to restore by 2030?
- A.13 million hectares
- B.20 million hectares
- C.26 million hectares
- D.30 million hectares
Show answer
Correct answer: C. 26 million hectares
Explanation
The correct answer is 26 million hectares. India reaffirmed this commitment at the forestry session in Rome and reported that 21.76 million hectares have already been brought under restoration, which shows how much of the pledge has been covered. The Bonn Challenge is a global effort on restoring degraded and deforested land, and countries bring their own national targets to it. Options A, B and D give figures that were not the commitment stated. Along with this, India described the Aravalli Green Wall, under which about 6.45 million hectares of degraded land have been identified for restoration, and the MISHTI initiative for mangrove restoration along the coast. The pairing of the commitment with the achieved figure is the detail most likely to be tested.
Which Indian initiative, presented at COFO 28, has seen more than 3.5 billion saplings planted?
- A.MISHTI
- B.Aravalli Green Wall
- C.Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam - Plant4Mother
- D.Green India Mission
Show answer
Correct answer: C. Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam - Plant4Mother
Explanation
The correct answer is Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam - Plant4Mother. India showcased it at the Rome session as a whole-of-government and whole-of-society initiative, and reported that more than 3.5 billion saplings have been planted under it. Option A is wrong because MISHTI is the coastal initiative that restores mangroves, strengthens climate resilience and supports local livelihoods, and no sapling figure of this kind was attached to it. Option B is wrong because the Aravalli Green Wall is a land restoration programme under which about 6.45 million hectares of degraded land have been identified, which is an area figure rather than a planting count. Option D is wrong because that mission was not named in the statement delivered at this session. Candidates should link each initiative to its own distinct figure to avoid mixing them up.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is India's forest and tree cover as stated at COFO 28?
82.74 million hectares, which works out to 25.17% of the country's geographical area. India delivered the figure in its statement at the 28th session of the FAO Committee on Forestry in Rome.
Where does India rank in forest area and in forest area gain?
The FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 places India 9th in the world in forest area and 3rd in net annual forest area gain.
How much land has India restored under the Bonn Challenge?
21.76 million hectares have been brought under restoration, against India's commitment to restore 26 million hectares of degraded and deforested land by 2030.
How many Ramsar Sites does India have?
101, as stated by India at COFO 28 while presenting its work on wetlands and landscape restoration.
Sources
- India showcases Forest and Landscape Restoration Initiatives at COFO 28, in Rome (opens in a new tab) — Press Information Bureau
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