IBPS GK Questions 2026

The Transmission Control Protocol first sets up a connection through a three-way handshake, then numbers every segment, waits for an acknowledgement for each and sends it again if none arrives, and finally hands the data to the application in the original order.

Full duplex means both ends can send and receive at the very same moment, and on a telephone call each speaker can talk while still hearing the other, so traffic flows in both directions together.

The registered jack numbered 45 is the eight-pin plastic plug crimped on the end of an unshielded twisted pair Ethernet cable, and it is what clicks into the network port of a computer, a switch or a router.

In a ring the machines form a closed loop and a small control frame called a token keeps circulating around it; only the computer holding the token may put data on the ring, and when it finishes it releases the token to the next machine.

The Media Access Control address is the permanent physical address written into the network interface card by its maker, and it is 48 bits long, shown to users as twelve hexadecimal digits in six pairs such as 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E. The first half identifies the manufacturer and the second half the particular…

A router joins two or more different networks and decides, for every packet, which outgoing line will carry it towards its destination.

In a full mesh every node is joined directly to every other node, so the number of links equals the number of pairs that can be formed from the nodes, given by the formula n(n-1)/2.

In a star network every computer has its own cable running to a central hub or switch, so the shape resembles the spokes of a wheel.

GPRS was added to the 2G cellular system so that the same radio channel could carry data in packets instead of holding a circuit open the way a voice call does.

A modulator changes the form of a signal: it loads the digital bits produced by a computer onto an analog carrier wave so that they can travel over a telephone line, a cable or a radio link.

The attack surface of a system is the total collection of every point at which an unauthorised person could try to enter it or pull data out of it: open ports, running services, user accounts, login pages, removable drives and even the employees who can be tricked.

The prize is meant to encourage scientists in the productive middle of their careers, so it is given for notable research carried out in India by a scientist who has not crossed forty-five years of age, and it covers seven disciplines from biological sciences to physical sciences.

The Abel Prize was created by the government of Norway and first awarded in 2003, and it is presented every year by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in memory of Niels Henrik Abel, the Norwegian mathematician who died young; unlike the Fields Medal it carries no age limit…

Instituted in 2005 by SASTRA University at Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, the prize is given every year to a mathematician aged thirty-two or below for work in areas influenced by Srinivasa Ramanujan, and the age limit was set at thirty-two because that was the age at which Ramanujan died.

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, born at Chidambaram in Tamil Nadu and later a citizen of the United States and the United Kingdom, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 for showing how the ribosome, the machinery inside a cell that reads the genetic message and builds proteins, is put together.

The Royal Society has awarded the Copley Medal since 1731 for outstanding achievement in any branch of science, which makes it older than the Nobel Prizes by well over a century and a half; it is given every year and is open to researchers of any nationality, so it covers…

Alfred Nobel signed his will in 1895 and died in 1896, and after his estate was settled the first prizes were given in 1901 in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace; they are presented every year on 10 December, the anniversary of his death.

C. V. Raman announced his discovery of the scattering effect now named after him on 28 February 1928, and since 1987 India has observed that date as National Science Day, with a theme, lectures and science fairs in schools and laboratories.

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him, and he was the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in any of the sciences; he made the discovery on…

The Kalinga Prize was created at UNESCO in 1951 from a gift made by Biju Patnaik of Odisha, later the Chief Minister of that state, and it was first awarded in 1952; it honours a writer, editor, broadcaster or film maker who has helped explain science to ordinary people, and…