UPSC GK Questions 2026

SIGHT is the largest component of the mission, with an outlay of seventeen thousand four hundred ninety crore rupees, and it has two parts: incentives for manufacturing electrolysers in India and incentives for producing green hydrogen, both awarded through competitive bidding.

The MNRE is the nodal ministry for the mission, frames the guidelines for each of its components and notified the Green Hydrogen Standard for India in August 2023.

The mission aims to build a green hydrogen production capacity of at least five million metric tonnes a year by 2030, with the potential to rise further if an export market develops, and this is the single figure most often asked from the mission.

The Union Cabinet approved the National Green Hydrogen Mission on 4 January 2023 with this outlay, to be spent up to the financial year 2029-30 across incentives, hubs, pilot projects, research and skilling.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy notified the Green Hydrogen Standard for India in August 2023, fixing the limit at two kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent for each kilogram of hydrogen, averaged over twelve months, and covering the whole chain from water treatment through electrolysis, purification, drying and compression…

Blue hydrogen is made by the same fossil route as grey hydrogen, usually steam reforming of natural gas, but the carbon dioxide produced is captured and stored underground instead of being released, so its emissions are much lower though not zero.

Hydrogen is called green only when the electricity that splits the water comes from a renewable source such as solar or wind, so that no carbon dioxide is released in making it.

Diu, on the coast of Gujarat, was declared the first union territory in India to run entirely on solar power.

Section 10 of FEMA empowers the Reserve Bank to authorise any person to deal in foreign exchange or in foreign securities as an authorised dealer, money changer, offshore banking unit or in any other way, and to revoke that authorisation in the public interest or for breach of its conditions.

Under FEMA a contravention is adjudicated by an Adjudicating Authority, an appeal from that order goes to the Appellate Tribunal, and from the Tribunal an appeal lies to the High Court, but only on a question of law and within the period the Act allows.

A Foreign Currency Non-Resident Bank account is a term deposit held in a permitted foreign currency, so the depositor runs no exchange risk on the rupee, and both principal and interest are freely repatriable.

The committee chaired by S. S. Tarapore examined capital account convertibility for the Reserve Bank and set out the preconditions and a phased road map; the rupee remains fully convertible on the current account but only partly on the capital account.

Section 13 provides that a person contravening the Act is liable to a penalty of up to three times the sum involved where that sum is quantifiable, and up to two lakh rupees where it is not quantifiable, and a continuing contravention attracts a further five thousand rupees for every…

Section 6 governs capital account transactions, which are those that alter the assets or liabilities of a person outside India or in India, such as foreign direct investment, investment in overseas securities, borrowing abroad or buying immovable property abroad.

Under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme every resident individual, including a minor, may freely remit up to two lakh fifty thousand United States dollars in a financial year running from April to March, for any permitted current or capital account transaction or a combination of the two.

FEMA defines a person resident in India by a stay of more than one hundred and eighty-two days in the preceding financial year, with exceptions for a person who has gone abroad for employment, for business or for an uncertain period, and for a person who has come to India…

The Directorate of Enforcement, which works under the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance, investigates contraventions of FEMA, conducts searches and places cases before the Adjudicating Authority.

FERA suited an economy short of foreign exchange: it presumed every transaction forbidden unless allowed, made a contravention a criminal offence punishable with imprisonment, and placed the burden of proof on the accused.

FEMA was passed as Act 42 of 1999 and received the assent of the President on 29 December 1999, but it was brought into force only on 1 June 2000, on which date the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973 stood repealed.

The Committee on Financial Inclusion chaired by C. Rangarajan submitted its report in 2008 and gave the definition of financial inclusion that policy documents still quote, as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit to vulnerable groups at an affordable cost.