UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

Uma Bharti became the first woman Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh after her party won the assembly election of 2003, and she had earlier been a Union minister.

He took office as Chief Minister when the present Madhya Pradesh came into being on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, with Bhopal as the capital.

The Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 created Chhattisgarh as the twenty-sixth state of India on 1 November 2000 with sixteen districts and Raipur as its capital, leaving Madhya Pradesh with forty-five districts and with the position of second largest state by area, behind Rajasthan.

The district and the division called Hoshangabad were renamed Narmadapuram in 2021 after the river Narmada, which flows through the district; the division contains Narmadapuram, Harda and Betul.

The Chambal division is administered from Morena and contains the districts of Morena, Bhind and Sheopur. It is the one division of the state whose headquarters does not carry the name of the division, which is exactly why it is asked so often.

The divisions are Bhopal, Indore, Ujjain, Gwalior, Chambal, Jabalpur, Sagar, Rewa, Shahdol and Narmadapuram, and every district of the state falls in one of them.

Nineteenth century artists gave nations the form of a woman: Marianne for France, carrying the red cap and the tricolour, and Germania for the German nation, wearing a crown of oak leaves because the German oak was the symbol of heroism.

Otto von Bismarck was appointed Minister-President of Prussia in 1862 by Wilhelm I to break a deadlock with the liberal parliament over army spending, and he told that parliament that the great questions of the day would be settled not by speeches and majority votes but by blood and iron.

The Treaty of Frankfurt ended the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and transferred the industrial border provinces of Alsace and most of Lorraine to the new German Empire, along with a heavy war indemnity.

The parliament elected in May 1848 met in the Church of St Paul at Frankfurt, drafted a constitution for a German nation headed by a monarch answerable to a parliament, and offered that crown to the Prussian king.

Cavour judged that Sardinia-Piedmont could not defeat Austria alone, and at Plombieres in July 1858 he reached a secret understanding with Napoleon III for French military help in a war against Austria.

On 17 March 1861 Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont was proclaimed King of Italy by the first Italian parliament, after the war of 1859 had taken Lombardy and Garibaldi's campaign of 1860 had added the south.

The Austro-Prussian War of 1866, often called the Seven Weeks War, was decided at Sadowa, also known as Koniggratz, where the Prussian army defeated Austria.

In May 1860 Garibaldi sailed from Genoa with roughly a thousand volunteers, known from their uniform as the Red Shirts, landed in Sicily and then crossed to the mainland and took Naples from the Bourbon rulers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

The Zollverein was formed in 1834 under Prussian leadership. It removed the internal customs duties that had made trade between the German states slow and costly and reduced the number of currencies in circulation, so a single economic space existed long before a single political one.

As the Franco-Prussian War ended, the German princes assembled in the Hall of Mirrors of the French royal palace at Versailles and proclaimed Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor on 18 January 1871.

Mazzini, a member of the Carbonari who had been sent into exile, founded Young Italy at Marseilles in 1831 and a wider society, Young Europe, at Berne in 1834.

Thomas Young passed light from one source through two narrow slits placed close together and obtained alternate bright and dark bands on a screen.

Polarisation means restricting the vibrations of a wave to one plane, which is only possible if the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel.

The smallest angular separation a telescope can resolve is 1.22 times the wavelength divided by the diameter of the objective, so a larger aperture means a smaller limit of resolution and a greater resolving power.