The female allegory Germania, used in nineteenth century art, wore a crown of
- A.Oak leaves, standing for heroism
- B.Olive branches, standing for peace
- C.Laurel, standing for learning
- D.Wheat, standing for plenty
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is A, oak leaves, standing for heroism. Nineteenth century artists gave nations the form of a woman: Marianne for France, carrying the red cap and the tricolour, and Germania for the German nation, wearing a crown of oak leaves because the German oak was the symbol of heroism. Such images were used to make an abstract nation feel like a person with whom people could identify, and NCERT builds a whole section around them. Option B is wrong because the olive branch is a general symbol of peace and not the attribute given to Germania. Option C is wrong because laurel wreaths belong to classical victors and poets rather than to this allegory. Option D is wrong because sheaves of wheat stand for agricultural plenty and are not part of the figure.
Read the full article: Unification of Italy and Germany: Nationalism in Europe
Practice Questions
View allThe secret society Young Italy was founded in 1831 by
- A.Count Camillo di Cavour
- B.Giuseppe Garibaldi
- C.Giuseppe Mazzini
- D.Victor Emmanuel II
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Mazzini, a member of the Carbonari who had been sent into exile, founded Young Italy at Marseilles in 1831 and a wider society, Young Europe, at Berne in 1834.
Read the full explanation →The German Empire was proclaimed on 18 January 1871 at
- A.The Hall of Mirrors, Versailles
- B.The Church of St Paul, Frankfurt
- C.The Reichstag, Berlin
- D.The Hofburg Palace, Vienna
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As the Franco-Prussian War ended, the German princes assembled in the Hall of Mirrors of the French royal palace at Versailles and proclaimed Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor on 18 January 1871.
Read the full explanation →The Zollverein, formed in 1834, was
- A.A military alliance of the German states against France
- B.A customs union that abolished tariff barriers between German states
- C.The parliament of the German Confederation
- D.A treaty between Prussia and Austria on Schleswig
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The Zollverein was formed in 1834 under Prussian leadership. It removed the internal customs duties that had made trade between the German states slow and costly and reduced the number of currencies in circulation, so a single economic space existed long before a single political one.
Read the full explanation →Who among the following led the Expedition of the Thousand and conquered Sicily and Naples in 1860?
- A.Giuseppe Mazzini
- B.Count Cavour
- C.Giuseppe Garibaldi
- D.Napoleon III
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In May 1860 Garibaldi sailed from Genoa with roughly a thousand volunteers, known from their uniform as the Red Shirts, landed in Sicily and then crossed to the mainland and took Naples from the Bourbon rulers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Read the full explanation →The Battle of Sadowa, also called Koniggratz, in 1866 was fought between
- A.Prussia and Denmark
- B.Prussia and Austria
- C.Prussia and France
- D.Sardinia-Piedmont and Austria
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The Austro-Prussian War of 1866, often called the Seven Weeks War, was decided at Sadowa, also known as Koniggratz, where the Prussian army defeated Austria.
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