UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

The code raises the threshold from the earlier figure and also makes three hundred the point at which certified standing orders become compulsory, so one number serves two provisions.

These three Acts dealt with the registration of unions, the conditions of service to be published as standing orders, and the machinery for disputes, lay-off, retrenchment and closure, and all three subjects are now in one code.

The four codes subsume twenty-nine central labour enactments: four in the Code on Wages, three in the Industrial Relations Code, nine in the Code on Social Security and thirteen in the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code.

A homolographic or equal-area projection keeps the ratio of areas on the map the same as on the globe, which is why world distribution maps of population, crops or forests are drawn on projections such as Mollweide's or the sinusoidal.

A cadastral map is a very large-scale map of a village or a town drawn to register plots, fields, their boundaries and their owners, and it is the basis of land revenue records and of the registration of property.

It is usually expressed as the ground size of one pixel, so a sensor of one metre resolution can separate objects about a metre across, which is what makes high-resolution imagery useful for urban mapping.

The National Remote Sensing Centre, a centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, works from Hyderabad and operates the earth station at Shadnagar nearby, where data from Indian and foreign satellites is received.

At that height a satellite's orbital period equals the period of the earth's rotation, so it stays above the same point on the equator and appears fixed in the sky, which is what communication and weather satellites need.

An active sensor generates its own energy, sends it to the target and measures what returns; RADAR does this with microwaves and LiDAR with a laser pulse, which is why such sensors can image at night and, in the case of microwaves, through cloud, haze and smoke.

It was the first satellite of the Indian Remote Sensing series and marked the beginning of operational earth observation for agriculture, forestry, water resources and land use in India.

Since the contour interval is constant on a sheet, the horizontal distance between two contours measures how far one must walk to rise by that fixed height; a short distance therefore means a rapid rise, that is a steep slope.

An isohyet joins points receiving the same amount of precipitation over a stated period, and rainfall maps of India are drawn with isohyets to mark the wet and dry belts.

Mercator's is a cylindrical projection on which both parallels and meridians are straight lines crossing at right angles, and it is orthomorphic or conformal, meaning that shapes are true locally and a rhumb line of constant bearing plots as a straight line.

The contour interval chosen for a sheet depends chiefly on its scale and on the relief of the ground: a large-scale map can carry closely spaced contours without the lines running into each other, so a small interval is both possible and desirable.

The representative fraction is a pure ratio without units, so one unit of length on the map stands for fifty thousand of the same units on the ground; it can be read in centimetres, inches or any other unit, which is why it is understood everywhere.

The correct answer is A, Aspergillus niger, a fungus grown on a sugar medium to make most of the world's citric acid, which is used in soft drinks, food and medicines.

The short, sharp heating kills the disease-causing and most spoilage microbes while leaving the taste and most of the food value of the milk unchanged, which is exactly what boiling does not do.

A virus has heredity and mutates like a living thing, yet it has no cell, no metabolism and no means of reproduction of its own; outside a host it is an inert particle that can even be crystallised, as W. M. Stanley showed with the tobacco mosaic virus in 1935…

It spreads through droplets in the air, chiefly attacks the lungs, and is treated with a long and uninterrupted course of several antibiotics.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments the sugars of the dough into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and the gas, trapped in the gluten, makes the dough rise and leaves the bread spongy; the alcohol evaporates during baking.