UPSC Civil Services GK Questions 2026

Gaidinliu, a Rongmei Naga, joined her cousin Haipou Jadonang's Heraka movement, which combined religious revival with resistance to British rule, and took over its leadership after he was hanged in 1931.

The Women's Indian Association was started at Madras in 1917 by Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins and Dorothy Jinarajadasa, and it took up the franchise, education and the removal of social disabilities; its journal was Stri Dharma.

She taught at the school the couple opened at Bhidewada in Pune in 1848 and is remembered as the first woman teacher of the modern Indian school; she also worked for widows and against caste discrimination through the Satyashodhak Samaj.

A niece of Rabindranath Tagore, she set up the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in 1910 to work for the education of women across provinces and classes, and it is counted as the first women's organisation of all-India reach.

After the annexation of Awadh in 1856 and the exile of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, Begum Hazrat Mahal proclaimed her young son Birjis Qadr as the ruler and led the rising at Lucknow; when the city fell she withdrew and finally took refuge in Nepal.

Matangini Hazra, then more than seventy years old, was leading a procession of volunteers towards the Tamluk police station on 29 September 1942 when the police fired; she kept holding the tricolour and chanting Vande Mataram as she fell.

A doctor practising in Singapore, she was given command of the women's regiment that Subhas Chandra Bose announced in July 1943 and named after Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi.

She led a party of revolutionaries of Surya Sen's Chittagong group against the Pahartali European Club on 23 September 1932 and swallowed cyanide to avoid capture, becoming the first woman martyr of Bengal's armed revolutionary movement.

With Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee arrested in the early hours of 9 August 1942, she hoisted the flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, the ground where the Quit India resolution had been passed the previous evening, and then went underground to direct the movement.

Rakhmabai had been married as a child and refused to join her husband's household as an adult; he went to court for the restitution of conjugal rights, so statement 3 is part of the case.

She presided over the Kanpur session of the Congress in 1925 and was the first Indian woman to hold the office; she is also remembered as the Nightingale of India and as the leader of the Dharasana salt satyagraha of May 1930.

The scheme, launched in 2019, is open to an unorganised worker between eighteen and forty years of age with a monthly income up to fifteen thousand rupees, and gives an assured monthly pension of three thousand rupees after sixty on a matching contribution, the worker and the government each paying…

It inserted several Directive Principles, among them Article 43A on the participation of workers in the management of industrial undertakings, Article 39A on equal justice and free legal aid, and Article 48A on the protection of the environment.

The code sets up a Worker Re-skilling Fund to which the employer contributes fifteen days' wages for every retrenched worker, and the amount is to be credited to that worker's account within forty-five days of retrenchment so that it can be used while finding new work.

The code extends to all industrial establishments the requirement, earlier limited to public utility services, that no person shall go on strike and no employer declare a lock-out without fourteen days' notice, and the strike must begin within sixty days of that notice.

The code doubles the thresholds of the Factories Act, 1948, the argument being that small units were burdened with compliance meant for larger ones, while the criticism is that many workers now fall outside the factory provisions.

The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 originally provided twelve weeks; the amendment of 2017 raised it to twenty-six weeks for the first two children, and the Code on Social Security carries that provision forward along with a creche facility in larger establishments.

Entry 22 covers trade unions and industrial and labour disputes, Entry 23 social security and social insurance including employment and unemployment, and Entry 24 the welfare of labour including conditions of work and provident funds, so both Parliament and the state legislatures can legislate, and each state notifies its own…

It fixes a floor wage after taking into account the minimum living standards of a worker, and may set different floor wages for different geographical areas; no state may then fix a minimum wage below that floor.

It defines a gig worker as one who works outside a traditional employer-employee relationship, a platform worker as one who gets work through an online platform, and an aggregator as the digital intermediary that connects buyer and seller, and it provides a social security fund for such workers.