SSC MTS GK Questions 2026

A gram of fat yields about nine kilocalories, more than twice the yield of carbohydrate or protein, because its carbon chains are far less oxidised to begin with; this is also why fat is the body’s store of energy and why fatty food is called energy dense.

Iodine is needed to make thyroxine, the hormone of the thyroid gland; when the supply is short the gland works harder and enlarges into the swelling at the front of the neck called goitre, and in an infant the same shortage stunts growth and mental development as cretinism.

Kwashiorkor appears when a child gets enough calories but far too little protein, typically after being weaned onto a starchy gruel; the signs are swelling of the feet and face, a distended belly, thin and discoloured hair and an apathetic look, while the muscles are not severely wasted.

These four dissolve in fat and not in water, so they travel with dietary fat, are stored in the liver and in body fat, show their deficiency only after a long shortage, and can be toxic in excess.

Retinol is vitamin A, and it is the raw material of rhodopsin, the pigment in the rod cells of the retina that lets us see in dim light; when it is short the eye cannot adjust to darkness, which is night blindness, and a longer shortage dries the conjunctiva as…

Vitamin D, chemically calciferol, is needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine, so a child short of it cannot mineralise growing bone; the legs bow, the wrists thicken and the chest deforms, and the disease is rickets, while the same shortage in an adult softens formed…

Vitamin B12 is chemically cyanocobalamin, and the cobalt atom at the centre of its ring is what the name points to; it is the only vitamin that contains a metal, it is absorbed only with the help of intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach, and its shortage gives pernicious anaemia.

Vitamin B3 is niacin, also called nicotinic acid, and its shortage gives pellagra, remembered by the three Ds of dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia, with death as a fourth if it is untreated; the disease appeared where maize was the staple, because the niacin in maize is bound and poorly absorbed.

Vitamin K, chemically phylloquinone, is needed by the liver to make prothrombin and other clotting factors, so a shortage of it makes bleeding last longer and can cause haemorrhage in a newborn; green leafy vegetables supply it and the bacteria of the large intestine make part of our requirement.

Thiamine is vitamin B1, and its shortage causes beriberi, in which the nerves and the heart are affected, giving weakness, loss of sensation in the legs and in the wet form swelling and heart failure; the disease was common where polished rice was the staple, since polishing removes the thiamine-rich…

Vitamin C, chemically ascorbic acid, is needed to make collagen, the protein that holds tissues together; without it the gums swell and bleed, wounds refuse to heal and the joints ache, and the disease is called scurvy.

Amylase breaks starch into the sugar maltose; a lipase works on fat, and saliva carries no significant lipase, so the statement pairs the right action with the wrong enzyme.

TIFRAC, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator, was the first computer designed and built within India; it was commissioned in 1960 and Jawaharlal Nehru gave it that name.

In his report on the EDVAC design in 1945 John von Neumann set out a computer in which a single memory holds both the program and the data it works on, with a control unit, an arithmetic and logic unit and input and output; that layout is still called the…

Herman Hollerith built an electric tabulating machine that read holes punched in cards, and it cut the time needed to process the United States census of 1890 from years to months.

In 1936 the British mathematician Alan Turing described an abstract machine, now called the Turing machine, that defines what it means for a problem to be computable, and in 1950 he proposed the Turing test, by which a machine is judged intelligent if its answers cannot be told from a…

Intel released the 4004 in 1971, putting a complete central processing unit on a single chip for the first time and beginning the fourth generation of computers along with the age of the personal computer.

The Scottish mathematician John Napier published his work on logarithms in 1614, which turned multiplication into addition, and he then devised a set of numbered rods, Napier’s bones, with which products could be read off mechanically.

ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was completed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly and used some eighteen thousand vacuum tubes; it was a first generation machine, filled a large room and consumed a great deal of power.

Ada Lovelace, the daughter of Lord Byron, worked with Charles Babbage on the Analytical Engine, and the notes she published in 1843 include a step by step sequence for computing Bernoulli numbers on it, which is recognised as the first computer program; a programming language, Ada, is named after her.