Railway GK Questions 2026

Odisha lies between about 17 and 22 degrees north, so it stays just south of the Tropic of Cancer, which is the reason it is the most common wrong choice in this question.

It is the only belt in which the noon sun can be vertically overhead at some time of the year, so it receives the most direct insolation and has the highest average temperatures.

The name Ecuador is the Spanish word for the equator, the line crosses the north of the country, and its capital Quito stands only a few kilometres south of it in the Andes, which makes Quito the large capital city closest to the Equator.

Because the earth's axis is tilted by about 23 and a half degrees, the northern hemisphere is turned most towards the sun on 21 June, the summer solstice, when the noon sun stands vertically above the Tropic of Cancer and the northern hemisphere has its longest day.

The Tropic of Capricorn crosses Australia through Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland, passing close to the town of Rockhampton, and Australia is the only country of Oceania on this line.

Ethiopia lies wholly north of the Equator, roughly between 3 and 15 degrees north, and its capital Addis Ababa is about 9 degrees north, so the line misses it, although the country is tropical and highland in character.

Brazil is so large in north to south extent that the Equator crosses its northern part near the mouth of the Amazon while the Tropic of Capricorn crosses its south, close to Sao Paulo, making it the only country in the world cut by both lines.

From west to east the Tropic of Cancer passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram, which is why the line is said to divide India almost into two halves.

On these two dates the noon sun is vertically overhead at the Equator, the circle of illumination passes through both poles, and day and night are of nearly equal length everywhere on the earth; 21 March is the spring or vernal equinox and 23 September the autumnal equinox.

Europe lies entirely north of the Tropic of Cancer, its southernmost points being above 34 degrees north, and Antarctica lies far south of the Tropic of Capricorn, beyond the Antarctic Circle, so neither continent is touched by any of the three lines.

The Equator crosses Colombia in South America, Kenya in East Africa and the islands of Indonesia in South East Asia, so all three names in this group are correct.

Glycolysis spends two molecules of ATP in the preparatory steps that phosphorylate glucose and fructose, and produces four by substrate level phosphorylation in the later steps, so the net gain is two ATP along with two molecules of reduced NAD.

Sugar is actively loaded into the sieve tubes at the source, water follows from the xylem by osmosis and raises the pressure there, and the resulting gradient pushes the whole solution to the sink, where sugar is unloaded and water returns to the xylem.

In yeast the pyruvic acid formed by glycolysis is decarboxylated and then reduced to ethyl alcohol, a process called alcoholic fermentation, which is the basis of brewing and of the rising of dough.

The respiratory quotient is the volume of carbon dioxide released divided by the volume of oxygen used. When glucose is oxidised completely, six molecules of oxygen are used and six of carbon dioxide are released, so the ratio is one.

Pyruvic acid formed in glycolysis enters the mitochondrion, is converted to acetyl coenzyme A and is oxidised completely in the matrix through the cycle named after Hans Krebs, who received the Nobel Prize for the discovery; the cycle releases carbon dioxide and reduced coenzymes.

Glycolysis, also called the Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway, splits one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm, needs no oxygen and gives a net gain of two ATP along with two molecules of reduced NAD.

Ganong's potometer and the simpler bubble potometer measure the water absorbed by a cut shoot in a given time, and since almost all of that water is lost as vapour, the reading is taken as the rate of transpiration.

In light, potassium ions are actively pumped into the guard cells, their solute concentration rises, water enters by osmosis, the cells swell and because their inner walls are thicker they bend apart, opening the pore; when potassium leaves, the cells lose water and the pore closes.

Its sieve tubes, helped by companion cells, carry sucrose and other soluble food from a source such as a mature leaf to a sink such as a root, fruit or bud, and the movement can be upward or downward.