Which one of the following amendments to the Constitution of India has introduced reservations in education and in public employment for people from the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society ?

The correct answer is D, The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act. The 103rd Amendment Act, 2019 allowed reservation of up to 10 percent for the Economically Weaker Sections in educational institutions and in government jobs. It added clause (6) to Article 15, covering admission to educational institutions, including private ones other than minority institutions, and clause (6) to Article 16, covering appointments to posts. The quota applies to people who are not already covered by the reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. In Janhit Abhiyan v. Union of India in 2022, a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court upheld the amendment by a 3:2 majority. Option A is wrong because the 101st Amendment Act, 2016 introduced the Goods and Services Tax. Option B is wrong because the 102nd Amendment Act, 2018 gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes under Article 338B. Option C is wrong because 122nd was the number of the GST Constitution Amendment Bill, which became the 101st Amendment Act. Exam tip: 101st GST, 102nd NCBC, 103rd EWS quota of 10 percent through Articles 15(6) and 16(6).