Which of the following statements regarding the Industrial Revolution is/are correct? 1. It was change of a society from a rural and agricultural lifestyle to one in which most people earned their living in the industrial or secondary sector of the economy. 2. The first Industrial Revolution began in Germany in the early eighteenth century. 3. During Industrial Revolution, technological advances in iron smelting, and later steel production, were accompanied by the invention of steam engine. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The correct answer is C, 1 and 3 only. Statements 1 and 3 describe the Industrial Revolution correctly, but it began in Britain, not Germany. The Industrial Revolution turned largely rural, farming societies into urban ones where most people worked in factories, mines and workshops, which is what statement 1 says. It began in Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century, roughly from the 1760s, helped by coal and iron deposits, colonial markets, capital and a stable government. Key advances included James Hargreaves' spinning jenny, Richard Arkwright's water frame, Abraham Darby's coke smelting of iron and James Watt's improved steam engine of 1769. Steam then powered mills, locomotives and ships, and the Bessemer process later made cheap steel, as statement 3 says. Option A is wrong because statement 3 is also correct. Option B is wrong because statement 2 is false: Germany industrialised only in the nineteenth century. Option D is wrong because it includes the false statement 2. Exam tip: the Industrial Revolution began in Britain about 1760; Watt's steam engine dates from 1769.