Which of the following concepts are considered as pillars of Human Development ? 1. Equity 2. Sustainability 3. Productivity 4. Security Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A.1 and 2 only
- B.3 and 4 only
- C.1,2 and 3 only
- D.1,2, 3 and 4
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is C, 1, 2 and 3 only. The idea of human development, put forward by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen, rests on four pillars: equity, sustainability, productivity and empowerment. Security is not one of them. Equity means equal access to opportunities for everyone, whatever their gender, caste, income or region. Sustainability means that each generation should have the same opportunities, so resources must not be used up at the cost of those who come later. Productivity means investing in people's health and education so that their work yields more. Empowerment means giving people the power to make their own choices, which comes from growing freedom and capability. Option A is wrong because it leaves out productivity, which is a pillar. Option B is wrong because it leaves out equity and sustainability and wrongly includes security. Option D is wrong because security is not among the four pillars; the fourth pillar is empowerment. Exam tip: the four pillars of human development are Equity, Sustainability, Productivity and Empowerment, remembered as ESPE.
Practice Questions
View allThe Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) was established in the year
- A.2014
- B.2015
- C.2016
- D.2017
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The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India was set up on 1 October 2016 under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
Read the full explanation →Consider the following statements : 1. An additional spending by the Government of ₹ X is likely to have less impact on income than an additional transfer of ₹ X to households. 2. An additional spending by the Government of ₹ X is likely to have less impact on income if it is not accompanied by an expansion in money supply. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
- A.1 only
- B.2 only
- C.Both 1 and 2
- D.Neither 1 nor 2
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Government spending adds to income more than an equal transfer, and its effect is smaller when money supply is not expanded alongside it.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following central features is not associated with Capitalist Economy?
- A.There is generalised commodity production - it has market value.
- B.Productive wealth is held predominantly in private hands.
- C.Economic life is organised according to market principles.
- D.Economic organisation is based on planning, a supposedly rational process of resource allocation.
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Allocation of resources through central planning is the mark of a socialist or command economy, not a capitalist one. In a capitalist economy, the means of production such as land, factories and capital are owned mainly by private individuals and firms.
Read the full explanation →Consider the following statements:
I. The Second Five-Year Plan sought to promote development which would establish socialistic pattern of society in India.
II. Between 1966 and 1969, three Annual Plans were formulated.
III. The Ninth Five-Year Plan could not take off at its stipulated time in the 60th year of India's Independence.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A.I and II only
- B.I and III only
- C.II and III only
- D.I, II and III
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Statements I and II are true, but the Ninth Plan began in 1997, the fiftieth year of Independence, not the sixtieth.
Read the full explanation →According to the National Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) constructed by the NITI Aayog, a household is considered deprived if 1. a single member of the household is identified as under-nourished 2. the body mass index of a woman member, between 15 years and 49 years of age, is below 18.5 kg/m2 Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- A.1 only
- B.2 only
- C.Both 1 and 2
- D.Neither 1 nor 2
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Under the nutrition indicator, a household is deprived if any one eligible member is undernourished, and a woman of 15 to 49 with a BMI below 18.5 counts as undernourished.
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