Under Article 352 of the Constitution of India, an emergency can be declared if security of any part of India is threatened by 1. war 2. external aggression 3. armed rebellion 4. internal disturbance Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- A.1, 2 and 3
- B.2, 3 and 4
- C.1, 3 and 4
- D.1 and 2 only
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is A, 1, 2 and 3. Since the 44th Amendment of 1978, a National Emergency can be declared only on the grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
The original Article 352 used the words 'internal disturbance'. The emergency of June 1975 was declared on that vague ground, so the 44th Amendment replaced it with 'armed rebellion'. The same amendment requires the Union Cabinet's written advice to the President, approval by both Houses within one month by a special majority, and renewal every six months. A proclamation can cover the whole of India or only a part of it.
Option B is wrong because it drops war and keeps internal disturbance, which is no longer a ground. Option C is wrong because it drops external aggression and includes internal disturbance. Option D is wrong because it leaves out armed rebellion, which is a valid ground.
Exam tip: 44th Amendment, 'internal disturbance' replaced by 'armed rebellion' in Article 352.
Practice Questions
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- C.to equality before law
- D.to life and personal liberty
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- B.All the reports of the Commission and its recommendations shall be laid only before Lok Sabha.
- C.The Commission, while investigating any matter, has all the powers of a Civil Court.
- D.The Commission has the power to regulate its own procedures.
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- A.3 only
- B.1, 2 and 4
- C.1, 2 and 3
- D.4 only
Show answer
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- B.The Acts and Regulations specified in the Ninth Schedule shall become void on the ground that it violates a fundamental right in Part III of the Constitution.
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- A.Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
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- C.Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura
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