The slogan "Workers of the world unite" was associated to:

The correct answer is B, Nana Sahib. Nana Sahib, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II, led the revolt of 1857 at Kanpur. The Company had refused him the pension his father had drawn, and when the sepoys at Kanpur rose in June 1857 he joined them, was proclaimed Peshwa and drove the British garrison out of the city; Tantia Tope was his commander. The British under Havelock retook Kanpur in July, and Nana Sahib is believed to have escaped into Nepal. A is wrong because Rani Lakshmibai led the fighting at Jhansi. C is wrong because Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt at Lucknow in the name of her young son Birjis Qadr. D is wrong because Kunwar Singh, the old zamindar of Jagdishpur, led it in Bihar. Exam tip: Kanpur Nana Sahib, Jhansi Lakshmibai, Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal, Bihar Kunwar Singh, Delhi Bahadur Shah Zafar.

The correct answer is C, Thomas Munro. The Ryotwari settlement was worked out by Thomas Munro, along with Captain Alexander Read, and introduced from 1820 in the Madras Presidency, where Munro was then Governor. Under it the revenue was settled directly with the ryot, the individual cultivator, who was treated as the owner of his field for as long as he paid; there was no zamindar in between, and the demand was revised every thirty years after a survey of the soil. The system later covered much of Madras, Bombay, Assam and Berar, close to half of British India, and its high, cash demand pushed many peasants into debt. A is wrong because Warren Hastings tried the farming of revenue by auction in Bengal. B is wrong because Lord Cornwallis brought in the Permanent Settlement of 1793 with zamindars. D is wrong because Lord Ripon is remembered for local self-government and the Ilbert Bill. Exam tip: Permanent Settlement 1793 Cornwallis, Ryotwari Munro in Madras, Mahalwari in the North-Western Provinces.

The correct answer is C, Banda Bahadur. Guru Gobind Singh died at Nanded in 1708, and before his death he had sent Banda Singh Bahadur to Punjab to lead the Khalsa against Mughal authority. Banda Bahadur took Sirhind in 1710 after defeating its governor Wazir Khan, struck coins in the name of the Gurus, issued orders under his own seal from Lohgarh and gave peasants rights over the land they tilled. Emperor Bahadur Shah and then Farrukhsiyar turned the weight of the empire against him; he was besieged and captured at Gurdas Nangal in 1715 and put to death at Delhi in 1716. A is wrong because Guru Angad was the second Sikh Guru, of the sixteenth century. B is wrong because Guru Amar Das, the third Guru, belongs to the same early period. D is wrong because Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of Sikhism, died in 1539. Exam tip: Banda Singh Bahadur — Sirhind 1710, captured 1715, executed 1716.

The correct answer is C, Lord Dalhousie. The Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848 to 1849 ended with the defeat of the Sikh army at Gujrat, and Dalhousie annexed Punjab in 1849, placing it under a board of administration and sending the boy Maharaja Duleep Singh into exile. Option A is wrong because Lord Wellesley, Governor-General from 1798 to 1805, is remembered for the subsidiary alliance system and the Treaty of Bassein, not for Punjab. Option B is wrong because Lord Hastings conducted the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1817 to 1818 and abolished the office of Peshwa, while Punjab under Ranjit Singh stayed independent in his time. Option D is wrong because Lord Canning was Governor-General at the revolt of 1857 and became the first Viceroy in 1858, nearly a decade after the annexation.

The correct answer is B, Balaji Vishwanath. Appointed Peshwa by Shahu in 1713, he secured from the Mughal court the right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi in the Deccan, and the office became hereditary in his family, so that later Peshwas ruled from Poona while the Chhatrapati at Satara became a figurehead. Option A is wrong because Baji Rao I, the great expander of Maratha power into Malwa and Gujarat, was his son and the second of the line. Option C is wrong because Madhav Rao I, who restored Maratha strength after Panipat, came much later and died in 1772. Option D is wrong because Nana Fadnavis was never a Peshwa at all; he was the minister who managed the Poona court during the minority of Madhav Rao II and was the leading statesman of the confederacy.