The circumgalactic medium (CGM) referred to in the study is best described as
- A.The dense core of a galaxy where stars are packed together
- B.The faint envelope of gas surrounding a galaxy beyond its disc
- C.The ring of dust that forms the spiral arms of a galaxy
- D.The region inside the event horizon of a black hole
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is the faint envelope of gas surrounding a galaxy beyond its disc. The study describes the circumgalactic medium as a diffuse, ghostly reservoir of gas that lies past the edge of the stellar disc and spreads out to between ten and twenty times the size of the galaxy, and this reservoir supplies the fuel from which stars are eventually made. Option A describes the crowded central region of a galaxy, which is a different thing altogether. Option C refers to the dust in the spiral arms, which lies within the visible disc and not outside it. Option D describes the region bounded by the event horizon of a black hole, a region from which nothing escapes, and it has nothing to do with this outer gas. The whole point of the study is that a jet from the central black hole reaches out into this envelope.
Read the full article: RRI Study Shows Black Hole Jets Choke Star Birth in Galaxies
Practice Questions
Which Indian institute, along with Arizona State University, carried out the study on black hole jets and star formation?
- A.Indian Institute of Astrophysics
- B.Raman Research Institute
- C.Physical Research Laboratory
- D.Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
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The lead author of the paper, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, is Namrata Roy, an assistant professor in the astronomy and astrophysics division of that institute, and a co-author quoted on the finding is Sanchayeeta Borthakur of the American university.
Read the full explanation →According to the study, how does a black hole jet affect the gas around a galaxy?
- A.It cools the gas equally in all directions so that stars form faster
- B.It energises the gas only along its own direction and suppresses star formation
- C.It pulls the entire gas envelope into the black hole within a few years
- D.It has no measurable effect beyond the central region of the galaxy
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When the team averaged their measurements over all directions around the galaxies they picked up no signal, but when they probed along the direction of the jet they found a strong one, which showed that the jet illuminates only the gas in its path.
Read the full explanation →As of 6 November 2026, how many equipment items were listed on the I-STEM portal?
- A.4,044
- B.18,250
- C.31,540
- D.45,000
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As of 6 November 2026, the day its API integration with the Startup India Portal was launched, I-STEM listed 31,540 equipment items across 4,044 registered institutions, giving researchers and innovators a large national pool of scientific resources.
Read the full explanation →Who chaired the launch of the API integration between the Startup India and I-STEM portals on 6 November 2026?
- A.Dr. Parvinder Maini
- B.Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood
- C.Ateesh Kumar Singh
- D.Dr. Vishal Choudhary
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He described the integration as an institutional convergence that can lower R&D costs, avoid duplication of capital-intensive facilities and raise the use of publicly funded infrastructure.
Read the full explanation →What does the acronym I-STEM, whose portal was integrated with the Startup India Portal in November 2026, stand for?
- A.Indian Scheme for Technology and Engineering Mentorship
- B.Indian Science, Technology and Engineering Facilities Map
- C.Integrated Startup Technology Enablement Mission
- D.Indian Society for Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
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I-STEM is the portal that maps scientific equipment and research facilities across academic and research institutions so that they can be shared.
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