The Bihari Satsai, a collection of about seven hundred couplets, belongs to which period of Hindi literature?
- A.Adikal
- B.Bhaktikal
- C.Ritikal
- D.Adhunik Kal
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is C, Ritikal. Bihari was a court poet of Jaipur, and his Satsai, praised for holding much meaning in few words, is the most quoted book of the Ritikal, the age of ornament and courtly love that Ramchandra Shukla placed between Samvat 1700 and 1900. Option A, Adikal, is the age of heroic Raso poetry, of Chand Bardai and Jagnik. Option B, Bhaktikal, is the devotional age of Kabir, Jayasi, Tulsidas, Surdas and Meerabai, and candidates place Bihari there because a Satsai sounds devotional. Option D, Adhunik Kal, begins with Bhartendu Harishchandra in the nineteenth century, far later than Bihari. Along with Bihari, hold the other Ritikal names — Keshavdas, Bhushan, Ghananand, Matiram, Dev and Padmakar. A second clue lies in the language: the poetry of the Ritikal is written in Braj, the dialect of the courts, while Tulsidas of the Bhaktikal wrote his Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi.
Read the full article: Hindi Literature and Its Authors: Periods and Works
Practice Questions
View allWho is the author of the Ramcharitmanas?
- A.Surdas
- B.Tulsidas
- C.Kabir
- D.Malik Muhammad Jayasi
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He composed the Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi in the sixteenth century, retelling the story of Rama in seven books, and it remains the most widely read work of Hindi devotional poetry.
Read the full explanation →The Padmavat, the chief work of the Sufi or Premmargi branch of Hindi poetry, was written by:
- A.Keshavdas
- B.Bihari
- C.Malik Muhammad Jayasi
- D.Raskhan
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The Padmavat, written in Awadhi, tells of Ratnasen of Chittor and Padmavati of Singhal and carries a Sufi meaning under the love story; Jayasi also wrote the Akhrawat.
Read the full explanation →What was the real name of the Hindi writer known as Munshi Premchand?
- A.Dhanpat Rai Srivastava
- B.Suryakant Tripathi
- C.Sachchidanand Hiranand Vatsyayan
- D.Ayodhya Singh Upadhyay
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He first published under the name Nawab Rai and then took the pen name Premchand, under which he wrote Godan, Gaban, Nirmala, Sevasadan, Rangbhoomi and Karmabhoomi, and stories such as Kafan, Panch Parmeshwar and Bade Ghar ki Beti.
Read the full explanation →Kamayani, counted the finest work of the Chhayavad movement, was written by:
- A.Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’
- B.Sumitranandan Pant
- C.Mahadevi Verma
- D.Jaishankar Prasad
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Kamayani is his long poem built on the figures of Manu, Shraddha and Ida, and it is held to be the highest achievement of Chhayavad; Prasad also wrote the plays Skandagupta and Chandragupta and the collection Ansu.
Read the full explanation →Who is called the father of modern Hindi literature?
- A.Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
- B.Bhartendu Harishchandra
- C.Acharya Ramchandra Shukla
- D.Munshi Premchand
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He gave Hindi prose its modern shape through plays such as Andher Nagari and Bharat Durdasha and through journals such as Kavi Vachan Sudha, and the first age of modern Hindi literature is named the Bhartendu Yug after him.
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