In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty?
- A.Protection against the tyranny of political rulers
- B.Absence of restraint
- C.Opportunity to do whatever one likes
- D.Opportunity to develop oneself fully
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is D, Opportunity to develop oneself fully. In political theory, and in the spirit of the Indian Constitution, liberty means positive freedom: the conditions and opportunities a person needs to develop their personality fully. Thinkers such as T. H. Green and Harold Laski described liberty as the eager maintenance of that atmosphere in which people have the opportunity to be their best selves. The Preamble promises liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, and Part III secures it through rights such as Articles 19 to 22, but always subject to reasonable restrictions, because liberty is not licence. Option A is wrong because protection against tyranny is only the old negative idea of liberty, a part of it rather than the whole. Option B is wrong because complete absence of restraint would lead to disorder; liberty in a state always operates within laws. Option C is wrong because the opportunity to do whatever one likes is licence, which would destroy the equal liberty of others. Exam tip: liberty = positive freedom to develop oneself, with reasonable restrictions; liberty without restraint is licence.
Practice Questions
View allA special address by the Governor refers to the address delivered by the Governor
- A.when President's Rule is called for
- B.when a national emergency necessitates dissolution of the Legislative Assembly
- C.at the commencement of the first session after general election and at the first session of each year
- D.whenever he/she has concluded that such is necessary
Show answer
Article 176 of the Constitution requires the Governor to give this special address on these two occasions. In the address the Governor tells the legislature why it has been summoned and sets out the policies and programme of the state government, whose council of ministers actually prepares the text.
Read the full explanation →Which one of the following Schedules of the Constitution of India has fixed the number of Members of the Rajya Sabha to be elected from each State?
- A.Fifth Schedule
- B.Third Schedule
- C.Sixth Schedule
- D.Fourth Schedule
Show answer
The Fourth Schedule allocates seats in the Rajya Sabha to each State and Union Territory, read with Articles 4(1) and 80(2).
Read the full explanation →Which one among the following is not a character of a secular State?
- A.It refuses theocracy.
- B.It separates religion from the State.
- C.A State in order to be secular must be democratic.
- D.It must prevent religious conflict and promote religious harmony.
Show answer
Secularism concerns the relation between the State and religion, and being democratic is not part of its definition. A secular State is not run by a religious order, keeps religious institutions and State institutions apart, and does not favour or persecute any religion.
Read the full explanation →Constitutional government means
- A.a representative government of a nation with federal structure
- B.a government whose Head enjoys nominal powers
- C.a government whose Head enjoys real powers
- D.a government limited by the terms of the Constitution
Show answer
Constitutional government means limited government: those in power can act only within the limits that the constitution lays down. The essence of constitutionalism is that state power is restrained by a higher law, so that rights are protected and authority cannot be used arbitrarily.
Read the full explanation →What was the exact constitutional status of India on 26th January, 1950?
- A.A Democratic Republic
- B.A Sovereign Democratic Republic
- C.A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic
- D.A Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
Show answer
When the Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950, its Preamble declared India a Sovereign Democratic Republic.
Read the full explanation →