Consider the following statements with regard to bead production in Harappan towns: I. The materials used to make beads included carnelian, quartz and steatite. II. The beads were cylindrical, barrel-shaped and disc-shaped. III. Specialized stone drills were used for making holes through the beads. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A.I and II only
- B.II and III only
- C.I and III only
- D.I, II and III
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is D, I, II and III. All three statements describe Harappan bead making correctly: the stones used, the shapes made and the drills used to bore them.
Harappan craftsmen made beads from a wide range of materials, including carnelian, jasper, crystal, quartz and steatite, as well as copper, bronze, gold, shell, faience and terracotta. The shapes were many: disc-shaped, cylindrical, spherical, barrel-shaped and segmented. Specialised drills for boring holes through beads have been found at Chanhudaro, Lothal and Dholavira, and Chanhudaro was almost entirely a craft town given over to bead making, shell cutting and metal work. Carnelian got its red colour by firing the yellowish raw stone.
A is wrong because it leaves out statement III, which is also correct. B is wrong because it drops statement I about the materials. C is wrong because it drops statement II about the shapes of the beads.
Exam tip: Chanhudaro is the Harappan bead-making town; carnelian beads were reddened by firing and bored with specialised drills.
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