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Environment & EcologyHardAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2018, GS Paper I

Consider the following statements : 1. Most of the world's coral reefs are in tropical waters. 2. More than one-third of the world's coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines. 3. Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

  1. A.1 and 2 only
  2. B.3 only
  3. C.1 and 3 only
  4. D.1, 2 and 3

Correct answer

D. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The correct answer is D, 1, 2 and 3. All three statements about coral reefs are correct. Reef-building corals need warm, clear, shallow water, roughly between 20 °C and 30 °C, so almost all reefs lie in the tropics between about 30° N and 30° S. Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines together hold well over a third of the world's reef area, and the Coral Triangle around Indonesia and the Philippines has the greatest coral diversity on Earth. Reefs cover less than one per cent of the ocean floor, yet they host about a quarter of all marine species, and far more animal phyla are found on reefs than in tropical rainforests, where insects and other arthropods dominate. Option A is wrong because it leaves out the true statement 3. Option B is wrong because it leaves out statements 1 and 2. Option C is wrong because it leaves out statement 2. Exam tip: Coral reefs are the 'rainforests of the sea'; the largest reef nations are Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines.

Practice Questions

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Q1.Environment & EcologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2017, GS Paper IEasy

In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, what does it imply ?

  1. A.It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.
  2. B.It no longer exists in the wild, a few individuals are under captive protection; and now it is impossible to prevent its extinction.
  3. C.It is endemic to a particular region of India.
  4. D.Both (b) and (c) stated above are correct in this context.
Show answer
Correct answer: A. It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.

Schedule I lists the animals that get the highest level of legal protection in India, and the tiger is one of them.

Q2.Environment & EcologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2018, GS Paper IMedium

"Momentum for Change : Climate Neutral Now" is an initiative launched by

  1. A.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  2. B.The UNEP Secretariat
  3. C.The UNFCCC Secretariat
  4. D.The World Meteorological Organization
Show answer
Correct answer: C. The UNFCCC Secretariat

Both 'Momentum for Change' and 'Climate Neutral Now' are initiatives of the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, based in Bonn.

Q3.Environment & EcologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2016, GS Paper IMedium

Consider the following statements :

1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the 'Club of Rome'.

2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A.1 only
  2. B.2 only
  3. C.Both 1 and 2
  4. D.Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: B. 2 only

The Sustainable Development Goals are to be met by 2030, but they were not proposed by the Club of Rome in 1972.

Q4.Environment & EcologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2018, GS Paper IHard

The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at

  1. A.The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg
  2. B.The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
  3. C.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris
  4. D.The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi
Show answer
Correct answer: B. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro

PAGE was launched in 2013 as a direct response to the call made at the Rio+20 conference of June 2012, whose outcome document, 'The Future We Want', recognised the green economy as a tool for sustainable development and poverty eradication.

Q5.Environment & EcologyAsked in: UPSC Civil Services · CSE Prelims 2022, GS Paper IHard

With reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements : 1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government. 2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside. 3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A.1 and 2
  2. B.2 only
  3. C.1 and 3
  4. D.3 only
Show answer
Correct answer: A. 1 and 2

Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, wild animals belong to the government and a protected animal is protected everywhere, but mere fear of danger does not justify killing it.