Geography Mixed Quiz: Set 107

Insolation measured at the top of the atmosphere is greatest over the equator, but what reaches the ground depends on cloud as well as on the angle of the rays, and the subtropical deserts lie under the descending limb of the Hadley circulation, where the sky is clear for most…

The Tata Iron and Steel Company plant of 1907 was built at Sakchi, later renamed Jamshedpur, where the Subarnarekha and its tributary the Kharkai meet, close to the coal of Jharia and the iron ore of Odisha.

The Northern Atlantic Sea Route links the north-eastern seaboard of North America with the industrial countries of western Europe, and because the two most developed manufacturing regions of the world face each other across this stretch of ocean it carries more traffic than any other sea route.

The names themselves are contributed by the thirteen member countries of the panel, but the centre at New Delhi, which the India Meteorological Department runs, takes the next name from the list, announces it when a deep depression strengthens into a cyclonic storm, and issues advisories to all the member…

An isotherm joins places of equal temperature, and on a world map the isotherms run roughly east to west, parallel to the latitudes, bending sharply where a continent meets an ocean because land and water heat at different rates.

The word comes from the Greek hyetos, meaning rain, so an isohyet joins all places on a map that receive the same amount of rainfall in a given period; rainfall distribution maps of India, which show the 200 centimetre and 50 centimetre lines, are drawn with isohyets.

The Australian Trans-Continental Railway runs for about 4,000 km from Perth on the west coast to Sydney on the east, and on its way it crosses the Nullarbor Plain, a flat treeless limestone surface in the south of the continent.

A cirque, also called a corrie, is the armchair-shaped hollow that a glacier scoops at the head of its valley by plucking and abrasion; when the ice melts, water collects in the rock basin and the small round lake so formed is a tarn.

In convection the heated matter itself moves and carries its energy with it: air near a warm surface expands, becomes lighter, rises as a current and is replaced by cooler air sinking in its place, and the same happens in a pan of boiling water.

National Waterway 2 follows the Brahmaputra for 891 km inside Assam, from Dhubri on the Bangladesh border to Sadiya in the upper valley, and its principal terminal is Pandu near Guwahati.

Rotterdam stands on the delta where the Rhine and the Meuse reach the North Sea, which gives it inland waterway access to the industrial heart of Germany, Switzerland and France.

The figure usually quoted is 7,516.6 kilometres, which counts the coast of the mainland together with that of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.

High clouds such as cirrus are thin and made of ice crystals; they let most of the sunlight pass through but absorb the outgoing infrared radiation from the surface, so their net effect is to warm.

The Pennar river cut the Gandikota gorge through the Erramala hills in the Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. Gandikota is often called the Grand Canyon of India.

In the age of coal and later of oil, long ocean voyages had to be broken at fixed points where a ship could take on fuel, fresh water and provisions, and settlements at those points grew into ports.

The Deccan Traps, the vast lava plateau of the north-western peninsula, were laid down by eruptions at the close of the Cretaceous, about 66 million years ago.

Evaporation is the escape of molecules from a liquid surface into the air, and it slows as the air above fills with vapour; when the humidity falls the air can hold more vapour, so the rate of evaporation rises.

A packet station handles short-distance traffic across a narrow stretch of water, carrying passengers, mail and vehicles rather than bulk cargo.

Adiabatic temperature changes in the atmosphere are caused by the expansion and compression of air, with no heat added or removed.

The Trans-Andean Railway was built to join the Pacific coast of South America to the Atlantic coast, running from the Chilean port of Valparaiso across the Andes to Buenos Aires in Argentina.