Computer Awareness Mixed Quiz: Set 28

Visio supplies ready-made shape sets, called stencils, for flowcharts, organisation charts, network diagrams, floor plans, electrical schematics and entity relationship diagrams, and connectors that stay attached to a shape when it is moved, which is what distinguishes a diagramming program from a drawing program.

An exclusive OR gate is a difference detector: it gives 1 for the combinations 0 and 1 or 1 and 0, and gives 0 when the inputs agree.

The top-level domain is the last part of a domain name, and.org was set aside for organisations, particularly non-commercial and non-profit bodies, when the first domains were created.

In multimedia, graphics is the broad word for every kind of visual element a computer can store and show, so drawings, photographs, movies and simulations all sit inside it.

An optical fibre carries information as pulses of light, not as an electric current, so its core and cladding must be transparent and not conducting.

LEN returns the number of characters in an entry, counting letters, digits, punctuation and spaces alike, so =LEN("Excel") gives 5.

The TIFR Automatic Calculator was completed at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai in 1960 and is counted as the first digital computer designed and built in India; Jawaharlal Nehru gave it the name TIFRAC.

Ada Lovelace, the daughter of Lord Byron, worked with Charles Babbage on the Analytical Engine, and the notes she published in 1843 include a step by step sequence for computing Bernoulli numbers on it, which is recognised as the first computer program; a programming language, Ada, is named after her.

A form is the object designed for data entry and viewing: it presents the fields of a single record in a neat layout with labels, boxes, drop-down lists and buttons, so the person entering data never has to work directly in the raw grid of a table.

PPP is a data-link layer protocol that carries data directly between two nodes over a single link, such as a telephone line, a leased line or a serial cable.

A crawler, also called a spider or a bot, starts from a list of addresses, fetches each page, follows the links it finds and hands the pages over to be indexed; without it a search engine would have nothing to search.

The format is named after the committee of experts that drew up the standard, which was published in 1992 for compressing photographs.

At the transmitting end of a fibre link the electrical signal must be turned into light, and the two devices that do it are the light-emitting diode and the laser diode.

The href attribute of the anchor tag carries the address the browser should open when the link is clicked, so href alone decides where a link leads.

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing was set up at Pune in 1988 with the specific task of building an indigenous supercomputer after India was refused an American Cray machine, and in 1991 its team completed PARAM 8000, a parallel computer assembled from transputer processors.

An online store is a website or an app and not a shop with shutters, so it can take orders at any hour of any day, and that round-the-clock selling is one of the clear gains of e-commerce.

Office 2007 introduced the Ribbon, a band of tabs such as Home, Insert and Page Layout, each divided into groups of related commands, in place of the drop-down menus and floating toolbars of earlier releases.

The method counts the links pointing at a page and weighs each link by the importance of the page it comes from, so that a page linked by many respected pages rises in the results.

In frequency division multiplexing each channel is given its own slice of the frequency band, and a small unused strip called a guard band is left between two neighbouring channels so that one does not spill into the next.

Vijay Bhatkar led the team at C-DAC that built PARAM 8000 in 1991 and is therefore described as the architect of India's PARAM series of supercomputers.