Indian Polity GK Questions with Answers – Page 42

Article 262 allows Parliament to provide by law for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint about the use, distribution or control of the waters of an inter-state river or river valley, and clause 2 allows Parliament to bar the Supreme Court and every other court from such a dispute.

Article 368, in Part XX, gives Parliament the power to amend the Constitution and lays down the procedure: a bill may be introduced in either House, must be passed by each House by a majority of its total membership and by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting…

The Eighty-sixth Amendment Act of 2002 inserted Article 21A, which makes free and compulsory education for every child between the ages of six and fourteen a fundamental right.

Article 360 allows the President to declare a Financial Emergency if satisfied that a situation has arisen by which the financial stability or credit of India or of any part of its territory is threatened.

Article 280 requires the President to constitute a Finance Commission every fifth year, or earlier if required, with a chairman and four other members.

Article 123 allows the President, when either House of Parliament is not in session, to promulgate an ordinance that has the same force as an Act of Parliament.

The Fundamental Duties were not in the Constitution as adopted. They were inserted as Article 51A in a new Part IVA by the Forty-second Amendment Act of 1976, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, and one more duty, the duty of a parent or guardian to provide education…

Article 44 is a Directive Principle in Part IV and says that the State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.

Article 110 defines a Money Bill as a bill dealing only with matters such as the imposition or abolition of a tax, borrowing by the Government of India, the custody of the Consolidated Fund or the Contingency Fund, and the appropriation of money out of the Consolidated Fund.

Article 32 is the right to constitutional remedies, and it sits in Part III, the chapter of Fundamental Rights, which runs from Article 12 to Article 35.

Article 343(2) allowed English for only fifteen years, to 25 January 1965, and Article 343(3) left it to Parliament to continue it by law.

Article 371J, inserted by the Ninety-eighth Amendment Act, 2012, provides a separate development board for this backward region, with reservation in education and in state government posts for people domiciled there, and it is the latest addition to the 371 series.

It was inserted by the Thirteenth Amendment Act, 1962, when Nagaland was created as a state, and it protects Naga customary law and procedure, the ownership and transfer of land and its resources, and gives the Governor a special responsibility for law and order in the state.

Article 351 is a directive to the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language and to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India.

Article 348(2) allows the Governor of a state, with the previous consent of the President, to authorise the use of Hindi or of any other language used for the official purposes of the state in the proceedings of the High Court having its principal seat in that state.

Article 344(4) provides for this committee to examine the recommendations of the Official Language Commission constituted under Article 344(1) and to report its opinion to the President.

Both were inserted by the Seventh Amendment Act, 1956, which carried out the reorganisation of states on the recommendation of the States Reorganisation Commission.

It added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali and brought the Eighth Schedule to twenty-two languages, where it still stands.

Sindhi was the first language added to the Eighth Schedule after the Constitution came into force, taking the list from the original fourteen languages to fifteen.

Part XVII is titled Official Language and runs from Article 343 to Article 351, in four chapters: the language of the Union, regional languages, the language of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, and special directives.